Autumn migration of the Willow Tit [Parus montanus]

Aalto P., Ader A., Baumanis J., Busse P., Lat ja A, Leivits A, Miettinen J., Ojanen M., Pakkala H., Tynjiila M., Vilbaste E. Autumn migration ofthe Willow Tit (Parus montanus). Ring 17,1-2: 5-11. Numerous studies on the breeding and winter tJocks of Willow Tit in Fennoscandia have been done, while the movements of this species, considered as partially migratory are still not so well researched. However, records of its movements recorded since 1960' s show som e regularity. The study is based on numbers of Willow Tit caught in years 1985-94 at six bird observatories in Finland, Estonia and Poland. In Finland the autumn movements start at the beginning of August and reach the peak in September. The median date is regular for each station and at Tauvo and Hoytiainen falIs around midSeptember, at Hanko at the beginning of October, at Bukowo, Mierzeja Wislana and Kabli in the second half of September. The intensity of movements varies considerably ITom year to year. Correlations of migration between stations seem to distinguish two geographical areas. Ringing recoveries show that Willow Tit is able to migrate several hundreds kilometres but the Gulf of Finland can divide the migration as it avoids crossing large water areas. Differences between the results ITom the above stations could be also explained by different areas of origin of Willow Tits migrating through them. P. Aalto, Tauvo Bird Observatory, University of Oulu, Yliopistokatu 10 BIlO, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland, A Ader, Laboratory of Ornithology. University of Tartu, Estonia, J. Baumanis, Institute of Biology, Latvia, P. Busse, Bird Migration Research Station, University of Gdansk, Poland, A. Lat ja, Hoytiainen Bird Observatory, Finland, A Leivits, Nigula Nature Reserve, Estonia, J. Miettinen, Hoytiainen Bird Observatory, Finland, M. Ojanen, Satakunta Environmental Research Station, University of Tmku, Finland, H. Pakkala, Tauvo Bird Observatory, University of Oulu, Finland, M. Tynjala, Tauvo Bird Observatory, University of Oulu, Finland, E. ViIbaste, Nigula Natme Reserve, Estonia.