Guidance for the field assessment of macrophytes of rivers within the STAR Project

Macrophytes are an important component of aquatic ecosystems and are requir within the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC)], to facilitate the ecological status and the general monitoring of ecological status. In addition to macrophytes are indicators of ecological quality in running waters. In particul groups of macrophytes are typical of specific types of running waterbody and th are adversely affected by types of anthropogenic impact. The absence of aqu however be characteristic of some running water habitats such as in highly activ gravel beds or in deeper rivers where their absence may due to the limitations o through water depth, water velocity, or turbidity. Absence of plants may equall unidentified anthropogenic impact eg, chemical.