Duale Sequenzmethode zur Analyse der spontanen Baroreflexsensitivität bei Patienten mit dilatativer Kardiomyopathie

The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) improves the characterization of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study we tested the hypothesis that patients with DCM and controls show a different behavior in the baroreflex (BR) regulation. In contrast to other methods, the new dual sequence method (DSM) analyzes the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) as a response of the heart rate (interbeat interval, IBI) on dual spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure (BP). The DSM includes the analysis of bradycardiac fluctuations (an increase of BP causes an increase of IBI) and tachycardiac fluctuations (decrease of BP causes a decrease of IBI) to obtain enhanced information about the sympathetic-vagal regulation. DCM patients show a 40–50 % lower number of correlated blood pressure-heart rate fluctuations (DCM patients: male 154 ± 93, female 93 ± 40 vs. control group: m: 245 ± 112, f: 150 ± 55, p < 0.05). The BRS in DCM patients is significantly lower than in controls (5.2 ± 1.9 vs. 8.0 ± 5.4 (ms/mm Hg), p < 0.05). Using the DSM the discriminant function analysis (6 parameters) classifies correctly 84 % of DCM patients and the control group. Using the classical sequence method, only 76 % were correctly classified. The DSM is a useful method for analyzing the BRS based on the spontaneous BR to obtain an increased classification of patients with DCM. BRS in patients with DCM is significantly reduced and apparently more ineffective. Die Analyse der Herzfrequenz- (HRV) und Blutdruckvariabilität (BPV) erlaubt eine verbesserte Charakterisierung von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz. In dieser Untersuchung wurde die Hypothese überprüft, ob sich Patienten mit dilatativer Kardiomyopathie (DCM) und Gesunde durch die Analyse der Baroreflexregulation unterscheiden lassen. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten Verfahren zur Analyse der Barorezeptorsensitivität (BRS) wurde bei der neu eingeführten dualen Sequenzmethode (DSM) die BRS durch die Analyse der Herzfrequenzänderungen (interbeat interval, IBI) aufgrund dualer, spontaner Blutdruckänderungen (BP) bestimmt. Bei der DSM werden dabei nicht nur die bradykarden Fluktuationen (Blutdruckanstieg bewirkt Herzfrequenzabfall, entspricht Baroreflex), sondern ebenfalls die tachykarden Fluktuationen (Blutdruckabfall bewirkt Herzfrequenzanstieg) analysiert, um zusätzliche Informationen über die sympathikovagale Steuerung zu erlangen. Die DCM-Patienten weisen eine um 40 – 50 % niedrigere Anzahl von BP-IBI-Fluktuationen auf (DCM-Patienten: männlich: 154 ± 93, weiblich: 93 ± 40 vs. Probanden m.: 245 ± 112, w.: 150 ± 55, p < 0,05). Die BRS bei DCM-Patienten war signifikant geringer als bei Probanden (5,2 ± 1,9 vs. 8,0 ± 5,4 (ms/mm Hg), p < 0,05). In der Diskriminanzanalyse konnte mit 6 Parametern bei Anwendung der DSM eine richtige Klassifikation von DCM-Patienten und Probanden von 84 % erreicht werden. Dagegen wurden mit der klassischen Sequenzmethode nur 76 % erzielt. Die DSM ist eine verbesserte Methode, den spontanen BR zu erfassen und die BRS zu bestimmen. Damit läßt sich eine Charakterisierung von DCM-Patienten erreichen. Patienten mit DCM weisen eine signifikant niedrigere BRS auf als Gesunde.

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