Morphology and Hydrodynamic Resistance in Young Swimmers

Six 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old, anthropometrically matched males and females were towed on the water surface via a mechanical winch at 1.3 to 2.5 ms−1 in increments of 0.3 ms−1 during a prone streamlined glide. Passive drag force of the 13-year age group was significantly larger than that of the 9-year age group at 1.9, 2.2, and 2.5 ms−1, but not at 1.3-1.6 ms−1. While anthropometry did not feature in any regression equation at any age for passive drag at velocities of 1.3 and 1.6 ms−1, body mass was the best predictor of drag at 1.9 and 2.5 ms−1.

[1]  H M Toussaint,et al.  Measurement of active drag during crawl arm stroke swimming. , 1986, Journal of sports sciences.

[2]  Bruce Elliott,et al.  Applied Anatomy and Biomechanics in Sport , 1995 .

[3]  Huub M. Toussaint,et al.  The Effect of Growth on Drag in Young Swimmers , 1990 .

[4]  B. Blanksby,et al.  Athletics, Growth and Development in Children , 1994 .

[5]  J. Signorile,et al.  The Effect of Varying Body Composition on Swimming Performance , 1994 .

[6]  J. Lacour,et al.  The Contribution of Passive Drag as a Determinant of Swimming Performance , 1990, International journal of sports medicine.

[7]  P E Di Prampero,et al.  Energetics of swimming in man. , 1974, Journal of applied physiology.

[8]  H M Toussaint,et al.  Effects of Specific High Resistance Training in the Water on Competitive Swimmers , 1990, International journal of sports medicine.

[9]  David G. Lloyd,et al.  Investigating Kinetics in the Freestyle Flip Turn Push-Off , 1999 .

[10]  David G. Lloyd,et al.  The effect of depth and velocity on drag during the streamlined guide. , 2000 .

[11]  H M Toussaint,et al.  Active drag related to velocity in male and female swimmers. , 1988, Journal of biomechanics.

[12]  H M Toussaint,et al.  Differences in propelling efficiency between competitive and triathlon swimmers. , 1990, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[13]  S V Kolmogorov,et al.  Active drag, useful mechanical power output and hydrodynamic force coefficient in different swimming strokes at maximal velocity. , 1992, Journal of biomechanics.

[14]  David G. Lloyd,et al.  An instrument for quantifying the hydrodynamic drag of swimmers , 1999 .

[15]  Brian J. Gordon,et al.  Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Competitive Swimmers of Different Genders and Performance Levels , 1997 .