A Subgrain‐Size Piezometer Calibrated for EBSD

We calibrate a subgrain‐size piezometer using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data collected from experimentally deformed samples of olivine and quartz. Systematic analyses of angular and spatial resolution test the suitability of each data set for inclusion in calibration of the subgrain‐size piezometer. To identify subgrain boundaries, we consider a range of critical misorientation angles and conclude that a 1° threshold provides the optimal piezometric calibration. The mean line‐intercept length, equivalent to the subgrain‐size, is found to be inversely proportional to the von Mises equivalent stress for data sets both with and without the correction of Holyoke and Kronenberg (2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.08.001). These new piezometers provide stress estimates from EBSD analyses of polymineralic rocks without the need to discriminate between relict and recrystallized grains and therefore greatly increase the range of rocks that may be used to constrain geodynamic models.

[1]  L. Menegon,et al.  Transient High Strain Rate During Localized Viscous Creep in the Dry Lower Continental Crust (Lofoten, Norway) , 2019, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.

[2]  A. Camacho,et al.  Interplay between seismic fracture and aseismic creep in the Woodroffe Thrust, central Australia – Inferences for the rheology of relatively dry continental mid-crustal levels , 2019, Tectonophysics.

[3]  T. B. Britton,et al.  High‐Angular Resolution Electron Backscatter Diffraction as a New Tool for Mapping Lattice Distortion in Geological Minerals , 2019, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.

[4]  W. Behr,et al.  Flow laws and fabric transitions in wet quartzite , 2019, Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

[5]  D. Wallis,et al.  Quantifying geometrically necessary dislocations in quartz using HR-EBSD: Application to chessboard subgrain boundaries , 2017, Journal of Structural Geology.

[6]  D. J. Waters,et al.  Controls on the rheological properties of peridotite at a palaeosubduction interface: A transect across the base of the Oman–UAE ophiolite , 2018, Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

[7]  J. Platt,et al.  Stress dependence of microstructures in experimentally deformed calcite , 2017 .

[8]  R. Heilbronner,et al.  The grain size(s) of Black Hills Quartzite deformed in the dislocation creep regime , 2017 .

[9]  D. Kohlstedt,et al.  Rheological Weakening of Olivine + Orthopyroxene Aggregates Due to Phase Mixing: 1. Mechanical Behavior , 2017 .

[10]  R. Heilbronner,et al.  Rheological Weakening of Olivine + Orthopyroxene Aggregates Due To Phase Mixing: Part 2. Microstructural Development , 2017 .

[11]  D. Prior,et al.  The recrystallized grain size piezometer for quartz: An EBSD‐based calibration , 2017 .

[12]  A. Wilkinson,et al.  Geometrically necessary dislocation densities in olivine obtained using high-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction. , 2016, Ultramicroscopy.

[13]  J. Avouac,et al.  The influence of stress history on the grain size and microstructure of experimentally deformed quartzite , 2016 .

[14]  V. Prakapenka,et al.  Elasticity of single-crystal olivine at high pressures and temperatures , 2015 .

[15]  K. Leinenweber,et al.  Experimental constraints on the electrical anisotropy of the lithosphere–asthenosphere system , 2015, Nature.

[16]  D. Kohlstedt,et al.  Evolution of the rheological and microstructural properties of olivine aggregates during dislocation creep under hydrous conditions , 2015 .

[17]  L. Hansen,et al.  Quantifying the effect of pyroxene on deformation of peridotite in a natural shear zone , 2015 .

[18]  J. Platt,et al.  Brittle faults are weak, yet the ductile middle crust is strong: Implications for lithospheric mechanics , 2014 .

[19]  Marco Herwegh,et al.  Microfabric memory of vein quartz for strain localization in detachment faults: A case study on the Simplon fault zone , 2014 .

[20]  J. D. de Bresser,et al.  Influence of deformation conditions on the development of heterogeneous recrystallization microstructures in experimentally deformed Carrara marble , 2014 .

[21]  M. Tivey,et al.  Mylonitic deformation at the Kane oceanic core complex: Implications for the rheological behavior of oceanic detachment faults , 2013 .

[22]  P. Kelemen,et al.  The influence of water and LPO on the initiation and evolution of mantle shear zones , 2013 .

[23]  C. Holyoke,et al.  Reversible water weakening of quartz , 2013 .

[24]  M. Paterson Rock Deformation Experimentation , 2013 .

[25]  R. Twiss Variable Sensitivity Piezometric Equations for Dislocation Density and Subgrain Diameter and their Relevance to Olivine and Quartz , 2013 .

[26]  N. Higgs,et al.  Calcite Fabrics in Experimental Shear Zones , 2013 .

[27]  S. Redfern,et al.  Mechanical properties of quartz at the α‐β phase transition: Implications for tectonic and seismic anomalies , 2013 .

[28]  D. Kohlstedt,et al.  The influence of microstructure on deformation of olivine in the grain-boundary sliding regime , 2012 .

[29]  A. Wilkinson,et al.  Stress fields and geometrically necessary dislocation density distributions near the head of a blocked slip band , 2012 .

[30]  D. Kohlstedt,et al.  Grain boundary sliding in San Carlos olivine: Flow law parameters and crystallographic‐preferred orientation , 2011 .

[31]  C. Devey,et al.  Splitting a continent: Insights from submarine high-resolution mapping of the Moresby Seamount detachment, offshore Papua New Guinea , 2011 .

[32]  A. Wilkinson,et al.  Measurement of residual elastic strain and lattice rotations with high resolution electron backscatter diffraction. , 2011, Ultramicroscopy.

[33]  M. Herwegh,et al.  Evolution of a polymineralic mantle shear zone and the role of second phases in the localization of deformation , 2011 .

[34]  J. Platt,et al.  A naturally constrained stress profile through the middle crust in an extensional terrane , 2011 .

[35]  C. Holyoke,et al.  Accurate differential stress measurement using the molten salt cell and solid salt assemblies in the Griggs apparatus with applications to strength, piezometers and rheology , 2010 .

[36]  J. Behrmann,et al.  A new perspective on paleopiezometry: Dynamically recrystallized grain size distributions indicate mechanism changes , 2010 .

[37]  A. Wilkinson,et al.  Determination of elastic strain fields and geometrically necessary dislocation distributions near nanoindents using electron back scatter diffraction , 2010 .

[38]  N. Ohashi,et al.  Grain growth systematics for forsterite ± enstatite aggregates: Effect of lithology on grain size in the upper mantle , 2010 .

[39]  P. Kelemen,et al.  Microstructural and Rheological Evolution of a Mantle Shear Zone , 2010 .

[40]  B. Evans,et al.  Strain localization in the Morcles nappe (Helvetic Alps, Switzerland) , 2008 .

[41]  唐戸 俊一郎,et al.  Deformation of Earth Materials : an Introduction to the Rheology of Solid Earth , 2008 .

[42]  B Roebuck,et al.  Grain size measurement by EBSD in complex hot deformed metal alloy microstructures , 2007, Journal of microscopy.

[43]  J. D. de Bresser,et al.  Quantifying Heterogeneous Microstructures: Core and Mantle Subgrains in Deformed Calcite , 2007 .

[44]  J. D. de Bresser,et al.  Electron backscattered diffraction as a tool to quantify subgrains in deformed calcite , 2006, Journal of microscopy.

[45]  David J. Dingley,et al.  High resolution mapping of strains and rotations using electron backscatter diffraction , 2006 .

[46]  R. Heilbronner,et al.  Evolution of c axis pole figures and grain size during dynamic recrystallization: Results from experimentally sheared quartzite , 2006 .

[47]  C. Holyoke,et al.  Mechanisms of weak phase interconnection and the effects of phase strength contrast on fabric development , 2006 .

[48]  C. Mehl,et al.  Stress-strain rate history of a midcrustal shear zone and the onset of brittle deformation inferred from quartz recrystallized grain size , 2005, Geological Society, London, Special Publications.

[49]  C. Spiers,et al.  The development of subgrain misorientations with strain in dry synthetic NaCl measured using EBSD , 2005 .

[50]  F. J. Humphreys,et al.  Characterisation of fine-scale microstructures by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) , 2004 .

[51]  J. Tullis,et al.  The recrystallized grain size piezometer for quartz , 2003 .

[52]  Yujun Qin,et al.  Subgrain structure during annealing and creep of the cast martensitic Cr-steel G-X12CrMoWVNbN 10-1-1 , 2003 .

[53]  Dana S. Henry,et al.  Microstructural Evidence for Grain Size Sensitive Deformation Mechanisms in Naturally Deformed Peridotites , 2002 .

[54]  P. Trimby,et al.  Is fast mapping good mapping? A review of the benefits of high‐speed orientation mapping using electron backscatter diffraction , 2002, Journal of microscopy.

[55]  R. Heilbronner,et al.  The effect of static annealing on microstructures and crystallographic preferred orientations of quartzites experimentally deformed in axial compression and shear , 2002, Geological Society, London, Special Publications.

[56]  R. Heilbronner,et al.  Dynamic recrystallization of quartz: correlation between natural and experimental conditions , 2002, Geological Society, London, Special Publications.

[57]  F. J. Humphreys Review Grain and subgrain characterisation by electron backscatter diffraction , 2001 .

[58]  B. Evans,et al.  A few remarks on the kinetics of static grain growth in rocks , 2001 .

[59]  C. Teyssier,et al.  An evaluation of quartzite flow laws based on comparisons between experimentally and naturally deformed rocks , 2001 .

[60]  F. Humphreys Grain and subgrain characterisation by electron backscatter diffraction , 2001 .

[61]  M. Paterson,et al.  Rock deformation tests to large shear strains in torsion , 2000 .

[62]  J. Tullis,et al.  A recrystallized grain size piezometer for experimentally deformed feldspar aggregates , 1999 .

[63]  Ichiko Shimizu Stress and temperature dependence of recrystallized grain size: A subgrain misorientation model , 1998 .

[64]  D. Prior,et al.  Grain boundary hierarchy development in a quartz mylonite , 1998 .

[65]  J. M. Brown,et al.  The elastic constants of San Carlos olivine to 17 GPa , 1997 .

[66]  H. Dick,et al.  ABYSSAL PERIDOTITE MYLONITES : IMPLICATIONS FOR GRAIN-SIZE SENSITIVE FLOW AND STRAIN LOCALIZATION IN THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE , 1996 .

[67]  A. Wilkinson,et al.  Measurement of elastic strains and small lattice rotations using electron back scatter diffraction. , 1996, Ultramicroscopy.

[68]  E. Rutter Experimental study of the influence of stress, temperature, and strain on the dynamic recrystallization of Carrara marble , 1995 .

[69]  J. Tullis,et al.  A flow law for dislocation creep of quartz aggregates determined with the molten salt cell , 1995 .

[70]  J. Gerald,et al.  Relationships between dynamically recrystallized grain size and deformation conditions in experimentally deformed olivine rocks , 1993 .

[71]  W. Blum,et al.  Subgrain boundary migration during creep of LiF. I: Recombination of subgrain boundaries , 1992 .

[72]  G. Hirth,et al.  Dislocation creep regimes in quartz aggregates , 1992 .

[73]  G. Pharr,et al.  A compilation and analysis of data for the stress dependence of the subgrain size , 1986 .

[74]  N. Carter,et al.  Stress dependence of recrystallized-grain and subgrain size in olivine , 1980 .

[75]  D. Kohlstedt,et al.  Deformation‐induced microstructures, paleopiezometers, and differential stresses in deeply eroded fault zones , 1980 .

[76]  S. Karato,et al.  Dynamic recrystallization of olivine single crystals during high‐temperature creep , 1980 .

[77]  J. Boland,et al.  High temperature flow and dynamic recrystallization in carrara marble , 1980 .

[78]  J. Bird,et al.  Differential stress determined from deformation‐induced microstructures of the Moine Thrust Zone , 1979 .

[79]  S. White Grain and sub-grain size variations across a mylonite zone , 1979 .

[80]  M. Toriumi Relation between dislocation density and subgrain size of naturally deformed olivine in peridotites , 1979 .

[81]  W. Durham,et al.  Plastic flow of oriented single crystals of olivine: 1. Mechanical data , 1977 .

[82]  Douglas A. Anderson,et al.  Stress in the lithosphere: Inferences from steady state flow of rocks , 1977 .

[83]  C. Goetze Sheared Iherzolites: From the point of view of rock mechanics , 1975 .

[84]  C. M. Sellars,et al.  Dynamic recrystallization in nickel and nickel-iron alloys during high temperature deformation , 1969 .

[85]  F. Birch,et al.  SECTION 7: COMPRESSIBILITY; ELASTIC CONSTANTS (See also Section 9) , 1966 .

[86]  R. Howie,et al.  An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals , 1966 .

[87]  Paul Allen Beck,et al.  Electronic structure and alloy chemistry of the transition elements : based on a symposium held in New York, Feb. 22, 1962, and sponsared by the Institute of Metals Division, the Metallurgical Society, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers , 1963 .

[88]  J. A. Fleming,et al.  AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION. , 1945, Science.