Theoretical problems in man-machine systems and their experimental validation

Abstract This survey paper focusses on the main theoretical issues in today's man-machine systems research and applications. The following problem areas are discussed: (1) modelling human performance and mental workload, with identifying the state of the art as well as major methodological difficulties; (2) task allocation and decision support, with a human-centred perspective on cooperative problem solving, integrated automation, and distributed decision making in teams; (3) man-machine interfaces, with outlining some presentation and dialogue issues; (4) design problems, with stressing the need of early active participation of man-machine-systems specialists and the usefulness of guidelines; and, finally, (5) evaluation and experimental validation, with covering laboratory and field evaluations, with covering laboratory and field evaluations, experimental design and validation, as well as model-driven experimentation. The importance of man-machine-systems contributions to the design of better technical systems and their user acceptability is emphasised.

[1]  T. Govindaraj,et al.  Optimal Control Model Predictions of System Performance and Attention Allocation and Their Experimental Validation in a Display Design Study , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[2]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  Modeling the Interacting Decisionmaker with Bounded Rationality , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[3]  José Manuel Colom,et al.  A Colored Petri Net model of VHDL , 1995, Formal Methods Syst. Des..

[4]  W. Ashby,et al.  Every Good Regulator of a System Must Be a Model of That System , 1970 .

[5]  C. Van Daalen.  Field Evaluation of Knowledge Based Systems: The Medical System Plexus , 1992 .

[6]  GrahamC. Sutton,et al.  HOW ACCURATE IS COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSIS? , 1989, The Lancet.

[7]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  Analysis of decision aiding in submarine emergency decisionmaking, , 1989, Autom..

[8]  Christine M. Mitchell,et al.  OFMspert: inference of operator intentions in supervisory control using a blackboard architecture , 1988, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[9]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  A colored Petri net model of distributed tactical decision making , 1991, Conference Proceedings 1991 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[10]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction , 1986 .

[11]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  Task Allocation Problems and Discrete Event Systems , 1992 .

[12]  Harold S. Blackman,et al.  The User-Computer Interface in Process Control: A Human Factors Engineering Handbook , 1989 .

[13]  R. E. Kalman,et al.  New Results in Linear Filtering and Prediction Theory , 1961 .

[14]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  Analysis and Evaluation of Decision Aids in Organizations 1 , 1989 .

[15]  Carl Jones.  Impact of Organizational Structure on Team Performance: Experimental Findings , 1993 .

[16]  Duane T. McRuer,et al.  A Review of Quasi-Linear Pilot Models , 1967 .

[17]  N. Moray.  Mental workload : its theory and measurement , 1979 .

[18]  Lawrence M. Fagan,et al.  Validating the Knowledge Base of a Therapy Planning System , 1989, Methods of Information in Medicine.

[19]  David L. Kleinman,et al.  A control theoretic approach to manned-vehicle systems analysis , 1971 .

[20]  William B. Rouse,et al.  Design for success , 1991 .

[21]  Christopher D. Wickens,et al.  Workload Assessment and Prediction , 1990 .

[22]  James L. Alty,et al.  Knowledge engineering for industrial expert systems , 1991, Autom..

[23]  Henk G. Stassen,et al.  Internal representation, internal model, human performance model and mental workload , 1988, Autom..

[24]  H B TIMMERMAN,et al.  What is task analysis? , 1951, Bulletin of the Medical Library Association.

[25]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  Evaluation of Decision Aiding in Submarine Emergency Decision Making , 1988 .

[26]  Henk G. Stassen.  On the Modeling of Manual Control Tasks , 1989 .

[27]  Henk G. Stassen,et al.  The Internal Model Concept: An Application to Modeling Human Control of Large Ships , 1977 .

[28]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  Coordination in organizations with decision support systems , 1988 .

[29]  Gunnar Johannsen,et al.  Knowledge Based Dialogue for Dynamic Systems , 1987 .

[30]  James L. Alty,et al.  Knowledge-based dialogue for dynamic systems , 1989, Autom..

[31]  Gunilla A. Sundström,et al.  Process Tracing of Decision Making: An Approach for Analysis of Human-Machine Interactions in Dynamic Environments , 1991, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[32]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF DECISION AIDS IN ORGANIZATIONS , 1990 .

[33]  Gunnar Johannsen.  Towards a new quality of automation in complex man-machine systems , 1992, Autom..

[34]  G D Murray.  Assessing the clinical impact of a predictive system in severe head injury. , 1990, Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique.

[35]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  A Petri Net model for evaluation of expert systems in organizations , 1991, Autom..

[36]  G. Johannsen.  Categories of human operator behaviour in fault management situations , 1988 .

[37]  上谷 晃弘.  マンマシンインタフェ-ス・ガイドライン("Guidelines for the Design of Man/Machine Interfaces for Process control"概要) (プラントオペレ-ションにCRTは定着する ) , 1981 .

[38]  A. H. Levis,et al.  EVALUATION OF DECISION AIDING IN SUBMARINE EMERGENCY DECISION MAKING , 1989 .

[39]  J. G. Hollands,et al.  Engineering Psychology and Human Performance , 1984 .

[40]  W. M. Wonham,et al.  The Internal Model Principle of Linear Control Theory , 1975 .

[41]  I. Adams,et al.  Computer aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain: a multicentre study. , 1986, British medical journal.

[42]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  Experimental Investigation of the Bounded Rationality Constraint , 1987 .

[43]  C. Van Daalen.  FIELD EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS: THE MEDICAL SYSTEM PLEXUS , 1993 .

[44]  J. C. Hunsaker,et al.  Engineering Applications of Fluid Mechanics , 1947 .

[45]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[46]  R. J. Van Der Veldt,et al.  Predictive information in the control room , 1985 .

[47]  Alexander H. Levis,et al.  Evaluation of decision aiding in submarine emergency decisionmaking , 1988 .