Electrochemical Li Insertion in B-Doped Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

Electrochemical Li insertion into boron-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes (B-MWNTs) was investigated in a nonaqueous medium. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the walls of the tubes consisted of highly aligned ca. 35-45 graphene layers with good 3D ordering feature. Raman studies revealed that boron doping in multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) destroyed the local hexagonal symmetry. X-ray photoelectron spectra of B-MWNTs further supported the results of Raman spectra and confirmed the presence of BC 3 nanodomains N 2 adsorption measurements indicated that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of undoped and doped nanotubes were 10 and 12 cm 2 /g. respectively, with almost similar mesopore volumes. Galvanostatic discharge-charge measurements revealed that the reversible capacity was 156 mAh/g for undoped and 180 mAh/g for B-doped nanotubes in the first cycle with almost equal coulomb efficiencies of 55-58%. The coulomb efficiency increased to more than 90% after the second cycle. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that highly reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Li occurred with some undesirable reduction processes in the initial discharge process. The cycle lives of both undoped and doped samples were quite satisfactory. Slow-scan CV confirmed that the intercalation of lithium in these nanotubes occurred through staging transition, usually observed in Li graphite intercalation compounds.

[1]  Otto Zhou,et al.  Enhanced saturation lithium composition in ball-milled single-walled carbon nanotubes , 2000 .

[2]  Andrew G. Rinzler,et al.  Solid‐State Electrochemistry of the Li Single Wall Carbon Nanotube System , 2000 .

[3]  M. Dresselhaus,et al.  Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Pristine and B‐Doped Materials for the Anode of Li‐Ion Secondary Batteries , 2000 .

[4]  P. Bernier,et al.  Electrochemical intercalation of lithium into multiwall carbon nanotubes , 1999 .

[5]  Otto Zhou,et al.  ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES WITH LITHIUM , 1999 .

[6]  Bingqing Wei,et al.  ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT IN PURE AND BORON-DOPED CARBON NANOTUBES , 1999 .

[7]  T. Tachibana,et al.  Growth of Polycrystalline Diamond Films Including Diborane and Oxygen in the Source Gas , 1999 .

[8]  M. Dresselhaus,et al.  Anode performance of a Li ion battery based on graphitized and B-doped milled mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers , 1999 .

[9]  C. R. Martin,et al.  Metal-Nanocluster-Filled Carbon Nanotubes: Catalytic Properties and Possible Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Production , 1999 .

[10]  P. Ajayan,et al.  Effects of nanodomain formation on the electronic structure of doped carbon nanotubes , 1998 .

[11]  M. Terrones,et al.  The Role of Boron Nitride in Graphite Plasma Arcs , 1998 .

[12]  A. Rinzler,et al.  Purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes by ultrasonically assisted filtration , 1998 .

[13]  D. Aurbach,et al.  The mechanism of lithium intercalation in graphite film electrodes in aprotic media. Part 1. High resolution slow scan rate cyclic voltammetric studies and modeling , 1997 .

[14]  K. Kinoshita,et al.  Commercial Carbonaceous Materials as Lithium Intercalation Anodes , 1995 .

[15]  de Heer WA,et al.  High-resolution electron microscopy and inelastic light scattering of purified multishelled carbon nanotubes. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[16]  B. Way,et al.  The Effect of Boron Substitution in Carbon on the Intercalation of Lithium in Li x ( B z C 1 − z ) 6 , 1994 .

[17]  S. Flandrois,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of boron-substituted carbons , 2000 .

[18]  M. Terrones,et al.  Boron-doping effects in carbon nanotubes , 2000 .

[19]  S. Bonnamy,et al.  Electrochemical storage of lithium in multiwalled carbon nanotubes , 1999 .

[20]  T. Nakajima,et al.  Electrochemical behavior of carbon alloy CxN prepared by CVD using a nickel catalyst , 1998 .

[21]  Minoru Inaba,et al.  In situ Raman study on electrochemical Li intercalation into graphite , 1995 .

[22]  Carlo G. Pantano,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of boron-doped carbons , 1995 .