Proposal of a watermarking scheme using winding number and unneeded synchronism

This paper presents a new scheme for robust watermarking against general geometric distortions, such as rotation, scale, and translation. Some previous methods that are robust for geometric distortion need synchronism between embedded and detected locations. However, synchronism requires extensive calculations and does not resist radical distortions. We propose a watermarking scheme using a winding number, which is a topological invariant that is not changed by geometric distortions, and does not require synchronism.

[1]  Benoit M. Macq,et al.  Geometrically invariant watermarking using feature points , 2002, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[2]  Peter A. Fletcher,et al.  Direct Embedding and Detection of RST Invariant Watermarks , 2002, Information Hiding.

[3]  M. Kutter.  Watermaking resisting to translation, rotation, and scaling , 1998 .

[4]  Binh Pham,et al.  Geometrically robust digital image watermarking using scale normalization and flowline curvature , 2005, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[5]  Thierry Pun,et al.  Rotation, scale and translation invariant digital image watermarking , 1997, Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing.

[6]  Thierry Pun,et al.  Multibit digital watermarking robust against local nonlinear geometrical distortions , 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).