Benefits and requirements of flexible-grid ROADMs and networks [invited]

Due to claims of enhanced spectral efficiency and the ability to accommodate future modulation formats, flexible-grid networks in which the center wavelength and passband width of the optical channels can be set on the fly have attracted wide attention. A flexible-grid reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) requires more than a flexible-grid wavelength-selective switch, and a flexible-grid network requires far more than flexible-grid ROADMs. We discuss the technologies required to enable flexible-grid networks. We examine the potential benefits of using flexible-grid ROADMs and compare this approach with alternative strategies.

[1]  Xiang Zhou,et al.  400G WDM Transmission on the 50 GHz Grid for Future Optical Networks , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[2]  Paparao Palacharla,et al.  Blocking performance in dynamic flexible grid optical networks — What is the ideal spectrum granularity? , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[3]  R. Doverspike,et al.  Integrated Restoration for Next-Generation IP-Over-Optical Networks , 2011, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[4]  Paparao Palacharla,et al.  First Demonstration of Hitless Spectrum Defragmentation using Real-time Coherent Receivers in Flexible Grid Optical Networks , 2012 .

[5]  Nan Hua,et al.  Dynamic routing and spectrum assignment in spectrum-flexible transparent optical networks , 2012, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[6]  Alan E. Willner,et al.  Overview of OFT V volumes A & B , 2008 .

[7]  P. Poggiolini,et al.  On the Performance of Nyquist-WDM Terabit Superchannels Based on PM-BPSK, PM-QPSK, PM-8QAM or PM-16QAM Subcarriers , 2011, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[8]  Masahiko Jinno,et al.  Elastic and adaptive optical networks: possible adoption scenarios and future standardization aspects , 2011, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[9]  Masahiko Jinno,et al.  Distance-adaptive spectrum resource allocation in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path network [Topics in Optical Communications] , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[10]  Roberto Proietti,et al.  Adaptive Spectrum Control and Management in Elastic Optical Networks , 2013, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[11]  R Schmogrow,et al.  Real-Time Software-Defined Multiformat Transmitter Generating 64QAM at 28 GBd , 2010, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[12]  Xi Wang,et al.  Service Velocity: Rapid Provisioning Strategies in Optical ROADM Networks , 2012, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[13]  L. Poti,et al.  Push-Pull Defragmentation Without Traffic Disruption in Flexible Grid Optical Networks , 2013, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[14]  Virginia Hutcheon.  OTN to enable flexible networks , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[15]  Sashisekaran Thiagarajan,et al.  Spectrum efficient super-channels in dynamic flexible grid networks - A blocking analysis , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[16]  E. Varvarigos,et al.  An introduction to routing and wavelength assignment algorithms for fixed and flexgrid , 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC).

[17]  P. Castoldi,et al.  Push-pull technique for defragmentation in flexible optical networks , 2012, OFC/NFOEC.

[18]  F. Garcia,et al.  Variable passband optical add-drop multiplexer using wavelength selective switch , 2001, Proceedings 27th European Conference on Optical Communication (Cat. No.01TH8551).

[19]  Vijay Vusirikala,et al.  Drivers and applications of optical technologies for Internet Data Center networks , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[20]  A. Lord,et al.  Gridless optical networking field trial: Flexible spectrum switching, defragmentation and transport of 10G/40G/100G/555G over 620-km field fiber , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[21]  Roberto Proietti,et al.  The first testbed demonstration of a flexible bandwidth network with a real-time adaptive control plane , 2011, 2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[22]  H. Takara,et al.  Demonstration of novel spectrum-efficient elastic optical path network with per-channel variable capacity of 40 Gb/s to over 400 Gb/s , 2008, 2008 34th European Conference on Optical Communication.

[23]  Dahai Xu,et al.  Architectures and Protocols for Capacity Efficient, Highly Dynamic and Highly Resilient Core Networks [Invited] , 2012, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[24]  Xiang Zhou,et al.  Rate-adaptable optics for next generation long-haul transport networks , 2013, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[25]  Jennifer Yates,et al.  Bridge-and-roll demonstration in GRIPhoN (globally reconfigurable intelligent photonic network) , 2010, 2010 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC/NFOEC), collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[26]  M. D. Feuer,et al.  A High-Degree Photonic Cross-Connect for Transparent Networking, Flexible Provisioning & Capacity Growth , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[27]  J. P. Fernandez-Palacios,et al.  CAPEX study for a multilayer IP/MPLS-over-flexgrid optical network , 2012, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[28]  M. Jinno,et al.  Algorithms for maximizing spectrum efficiency in elastic optical path networks that adopt distance adaptive modulation , 2010, 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication.

[29]  D. J. F. Barros,et al.  Bandwidth-Scalable Long-Haul Transmission Using Synchronized Colorless Transceivers and Efficient Wavelength-Selective Switches , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[30]  Daniel C. Kilper,et al.  ROADMs and their system applications , 2008 .

[31]  L. Nelson,et al.  12,000km transmission of 100GHz spaced, 8 495-Gb/s PDM time-domain hybrid QPSK-8QAM signals , 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC).

[32]  Yi Pan,et al.  A study of the routing and spectrum allocation in spectrum-sliced Elastic Optical Path networks , 2011, 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[33]  Roberto Proietti,et al.  Rapid and complete hitless defragmentation method using a coherent RX LO with fast wavelength tracking in elastic optical networks. , 2012, Optics express.

[34]  Tiejun J. Xia,et al.  Flexible architectures for optical transport nodes and networks , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[35]  M. D. Feuer,et al.  Toward more dynamic optical networking , 2010, OECC 2010 Technical Digest.