An ab initio study of the fcc and hcp structures of helium.

The hexagonal close packed (hcp) and face centered cubic (fcc) structures of helium are studied by using a new ab initio computational model for large complexes comprising small subsystems. The new model is formulated within the framework of the energy incremental scheme. In the calculation of intra- and intersystem energies, model systems are introduced. To each subsystem associated is a set of partner subsystems defined by a vicinity criterion. In the independent calculations of intra- and intersystem energies, the calculations are performed on model subsystems defined by the subsystems considered and their partner subsystems. A small and a large basis set are associated with each subsystem. For partner subsystems in a model system, the small basis set is adopted. By introducing a particular decomposition scheme, the intermolecular potential is written as a sum of effective one-body potentials. The binding energy per atom in an infinite crystal of atoms is the negative value of this one-body potential. The one-body potentials for hcp and fcc structures are calculated for the following nearest neighbor distances (d0): 4.6, 5.1, 5.4, 5.435, 5.5, 5.61, and 6.1 a.u. The equilibrium distance is 5.44 a.u. for both structures. The equilibrium dimer distance is 5.61 a.u. For the larger distances, i.e., d0 > 5.4 a.u., the difference of the effective one-body potentials for the two structures is less than 0.2 microE(h). However, the hcp structure has the lowest effective one-body potential for all the distances considered. For the smallest distance the difference in the effective one-body potential is 3.9 microE(h). Hence, for solid helium, i.e., helium under high pressure, the hcp structure is the preferred one. The error in the calculated effective one-body potential for the distance d0 = 5.61 a.u. is of the order of 1 microE(h) (approximately 0.5%).