The design of artifacts for augmenting intellect

Fifty years ago, Doug Engelbart created a conceptual framework for augmenting human intellect in the context of problem-solving. We expand upon Engelbart's framework and use his concepts of process hierarchies and artifact augmentation for the design of personal intelligence augmentation (IA) systems within the domains of memory, motivation, decision making, and mood. This paper proposes a systematic design methodology for personal IA devices, organizes existing IA research within a logical framework, and uncovers underexplored areas of IA that could benefit from the invention of new artifacts.

[1]  Peter Salovey,et al.  Mood Regulation and Memory: Repairing Sad Moods with Happy Memories , 1996 .

[2]  A. Isen,et al.  Toward understanding the role of affect in cognition. , 1984 .

[3]  David Allen,et al.  Getting Things Done , 2001 .

[4]  L. Squire,et al.  Episodic memory, semantic memory, and amnesia , 1998, Hippocampus.

[5]  Ulric Neisser,et al.  Affect and accuracy in recall: Author index , 1992 .

[6]  Hugo Liu,et al.  What would they think?: a computational model of attitudes , 2004, IUI '04.

[7]  L. Squire.  Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory: Multiple Brain Systems Supporting Learning and Memory , 1992, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[8]  D. S. Halacy.  Cyborg : evolution of the superman , 1965 .

[9]  K Cavanagh,et al.  Computer-aided psychotherapy: revolution or bubble? , 2007, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[10]  Antti Oulasvirta,et al.  Habits make smartphone use more pervasive , 2011, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

[11]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Social information filtering: algorithms for automating “word of mouth” , 1995, CHI '95.

[12]  Jennifer Healey,et al.  Affective wearables , 1997, Digest of Papers. First International Symposium on Wearable Computers.

[13]  Greg Linden,et al.  Amazon . com Recommendations Item-to-Item Collaborative Filtering , 2001 .

[14]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Visual contextual awareness in wearable computing , 1998, Digest of Papers. Second International Symposium on Wearable Computers (Cat. No.98EX215).

[15]  Walter Bender,et al.  iRemember: a personal, long-term memory prosthesis , 2006, CARPE '06.

[16]  Neil Gershenfeld,et al.  MIT-Media Lab , 1991, ICMC.

[17]  Cynthia Breazeal,et al.  Designing for long-term human-robot interaction and application to weight loss , 2008 .

[18]  B. Fredrickson.  The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. , 2001, The American psychologist.

[19]  R. Duda,et al.  Expert Systems Research. , 1983, Science.

[20]  Boon Chong Lim,et al.  Word-of-mouth: The use of source expertise in the evaluation of familiar and unfamiliar brands , 2014 .

[21]  Brian Knutson,et al.  Selective alteration of personality and social behavior by serotonergic intervention. , 1998, The American journal of psychiatry.

[22]  Jennifer Healey,et al.  Augmented Reality through Wearable Computing , 1997, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[23]  D. Ariely.  Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions , 2008 .

[24]  Edward H. Shortliffe,et al.  Rule Based Expert Systems: The Mycin Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project (The Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence) , 1984 .

[25]  Eric Rosenbaum,et al.  Scratch: programming for all , 2009, Commun. ACM.

[26]  Sajid H. Sadi.  ReflectOns : mental prostheses for self-reflection , 2012 .

[27]  Kevin Warwick.  Natural-born cyborgs: Minds, technologies and the future of human intelligence , 2003 .

[28]  A. Erez,et al.  The influence of positive affect on the components of expectancy motivation. , 2002, The Journal of applied psychology.

[29]  A. Isen,et al.  Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. , 1987, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[30]  H. Gardner,et al.  Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences , 1983 .

[31]  B. Fredrickson,et al.  Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being , 2002, Psychological science.

[32]  E. Tulving,et al.  Episodic and declarative memory: Role of the hippocampus , 1998, Hippocampus.

[33]  N. D. Durie,et al.  Digest of papers , 1976 .

[34]  Douglas C. Engelbart,et al.  Augmenting human intellect: a conceptual framework , 1962 .

[35]  Pierre Lévy,et al.  Collective Intelligence: Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace , 1997 .

[36]  Steve Mann,et al.  Wearable Computing: A First Step Toward Personal Imaging , 1997, Computer.

[37]  Minnie W. Johnson.  Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ , 2014 .

[38]  V. Vroom.  Work and motivation , 1964 .

[39]  David T. Neal,et al.  A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. , 2007, Psychological review.

[40]  G. Barnett,et al.  DXplain. An evolving diagnostic decision-support system. , 1987, JAMA.

[41]  Ramesh Sharda,et al.  Decision support system effectiveness: a review and an empirical test , 1988 .

[42]  Shahram Izadi,et al.  SenseCam: A Retrospective Memory Aid , 2006, UbiComp.

[43]  David W. McDonald,et al.  Activity sensing in the wild: a field trial of ubifit garden , 2008, CHI.

[44]  Pearl Brereton,et al.  An Architectural model for service-based software with ultra rapid evolution , 2001, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance. ICSM 2001.

[45]  R. Zajonc,et al.  Affect, cognition, and awareness: affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures. , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[46]  Alex Pentland,et al.  The memory glasses: subliminal vs. overt memory support with imperfect information , 2003, Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 2003. Proceedings..

[47]  Pattie Maes,et al.  SixthSense: a wearable gestural interface , 2009, SIGGRAPH ASIA Art Gallery & Emerging Technologies.

[48]  B. Sparrow,et al.  Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips , 2011, Science.

[49]  J. C. R. Licklider,et al.  Man-Computer Symbiosis , 1960 .

[50]  B. J. Fogg,et al.  Persuasive technology: using computers to change what we think and do , 2002, UBIQ.

[51]  Celementina R. Russo,et al.  The Quantified Self , 2015, HCI.

[52]  D. Goleman.  Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ , 1995 .

[53]  M. Lamming,et al.  "Forget-me-not" Intimate Computing in Support of Human Memory , 1994 .

[54]  W. Morris,et al.  Toward the self-regulation of mood: Theory and research , 1987 .

[55]  Abhinandan Das,et al.  Google news personalization: scalable online collaborative filtering , 2007, WWW '07.

[56]  A. Chatterjee.  Cosmetic neurology , 2004, Neurology.

[57]  E. Røysamb,et al.  Subjective well-being: genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change , 2006, Psychological Medicine.

[58]  Bradley J. Rhodes,et al.  The wearable remembrance agent: A system for augmented memory , 1997, Digest of Papers. First International Symposium on Wearable Computers.

[59]  A. Isen,et al.  Affect, accessibility of material in memory, and behavior: a cognitive loop? , 1978, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[60]  Bill N. Schilit,et al.  Context-aware computing applications , 1994, Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.