Fabrication and performance of PET mesh enhanced cellulose acetate membranes for forward osmosis.

Polyethylene terephthalate mesh (PET) enhanced cellulose acetate membranes were fabricated via a phase inversion process. The membrane fabrication parameters that may affect the membrane performance were systematically evaluated including the concentration and temperature of the casting polymer solution and the temperature and time of the evaporation, coagulation and annealing processes. The water permeability and reverse salt flux were measured in forward osmosis (FO) mode for determination of the optimal membrane fabrication conditions. The optimal FO membrane shows a typical asymmetric sandwich structure with a mean thickness of about 148.2μm. The performance of the optimal FO membrane was tested using 0.2mol/L NaCl as the feed solution and 1.5mol/L glucose as the draw solution. The membrane displayed a water flux of 3.47L/(m(2)·hr) and salt rejection of 95.48% in FO mode. While in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) mode, the water flux was 4.74L/(m(2)·hr) and salt rejection 96.03%. The high ratio of water flux in FO mode to that in PRO mode indicates that the fabricated membrane has a lower degree of internal concentration polarization than comparable membranes.

[1]  R. Kesting.  The four tiers of structure in integrally skinned phase inversion membranes and their relevance to the various separation regimes , 1990 .

[2]  D. Lancet,et al.  An apparatus for studying the mechanism of membrane formation , 1971 .

[3]  Amy E. Childress,et al.  The forward osmosis membrane bioreactor: A low fouling alternative to MBR processes , 2009 .

[4]  Ahmad Fauzi Ismail,et al.  Optimization of cellulose acetate hollow fiber reverse osmosis membrane production using Taguchi method , 2002 .

[5]  N A T H A N,et al.  Solute Coupled Diffusion in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes , 2009 .

[6]  L. Lin,et al.  A water-powered micro drug delivery system , 2004, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[7]  C. A. Smolders,et al.  Formation of membranes by means of immersion precipitation : Part II. the mechanism of formation of membranes prepared from the system cellulose acetate-acetone-water , 1987 .

[8]  Robert L McGinnis,et al.  Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance , 2006 .

[9]  M. T. Cidade,et al.  Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Optimization of Preparation Parameters , 2007 .

[10]  Menachem Elimelech,et al.  Comparison of the removal of hydrophobic trace organic contaminants by forward osmosis and reverse osmosis. , 2012, Water research.

[11]  H. Rhee,et al.  Preparation of newly synthesized forward osmosis membrane , 2013 .

[12]  Robert Langer,et al.  Small-scale systems for in vivo drug delivery , 2003, Nature Biotechnology.

[13]  T. Matsuura,et al.  Effect of shrinkage on pore size and pore size distribution of cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes , 1984 .

[14]  Qian Yang,et al.  Cellulose acetate nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes for forward osmosis processes , 2010 .

[15]  S. Wasilewski.  Microwave study of desalting membranes , 1966 .

[16]  Sui Zhang,et al.  Effects of annealing on the microstructure and performance of cellulose acetate membranes for pressure-retarded osmosis processes , 2010 .

[17]  Chuyang Y. Tang,et al.  Characterization of internal and external concentration polarizations during forward osmosis processes , 2014 .

[18]  Hideto Matsuyama,et al.  Effect of operating conditions on osmotic-driven membrane performances of cellulose triacetate forward osmosis hollow fiber membrane , 2015 .

[19]  Juan D. Gomez,et al.  Towards direct potable reuse with forward osmosis: Technical assessment of long-term process performance at the pilot scale , 2013 .

[20]  Chuyang Y. Tang,et al.  Characterization of forward osmosis membranes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy , 2013 .

[21]  Ali Altaee,et al.  High recovery rate NF–FO–RO hybrid system for inland brackish water treatment , 2015 .

[22]  Jay R. Werber,et al.  Forward osmosis: Where are we now? , 2015 .

[23]  Tai-Shung Chung,et al.  Application of thin film composite membranes with forward osmosis technology for the separation of emulsified oil–water , 2014 .

[24]  Kiran A. Kekre,et al.  Recent developments and future challenges of forward osmosis for desalination: a review , 2012 .

[25]  E. Drioli,et al.  Recent advances on membrane processes for the concentration of fruit juices: a review , 2004 .

[26]  Tao He,et al.  Cellulose triacetate forward osmosis membranes: preparation and characterization , 2013 .

[27]  T. Young,et al.  Roles of bimolecular interaction and relative diffusion rate in membrane structure control , 1993 .

[28]  L. Monnerie,et al.  Analysis of transport phenomena in cellulose diacetate membranes IV. Dependence of membrane desalination properties on annealing temperature: a Molecular Analysis , 1980 .

[29]  S. Loeb,et al.  Performance of permasep B-9 and B-10 membranes in various osmotic regions and at high osmotic pressures , 1978 .

[30]  Tzahi Y. Cath,et al.  Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space: II. Combined direct osmosis, osmotic distillation, and membrane distillation for treatment of metabolic wastewater , 2005 .

[31]  O. Kedem,et al.  The mechanism for formation of “skinned” membranes , 1970 .

[32]  Tai-Shung Chung,et al.  Forward osmosis processes: Yesterday, today and tomorrow , 2012 .

[33]  Tongwen Xu,et al.  Graphene oxide modified graphitic carbon nitride as a modifier for thin film composite forward osmosis membrane , 2015 .

[34]  Rong Wang,et al.  Fabrication of novel poly(amide–imide) forward osmosis hollow fiber membranes with a positively charged nanofiltration-like selective layer , 2011 .

[35]  Andrew G. Livingston,et al.  Method for the preparation of cellulose acetate flat sheet composite membranes for forward osmosis—Desalination using MgSO4 draw solution , 2011 .

[36]  S. Sourirajan,et al.  Effects of pretreatments on morphology and performance of cellulose acetate (formamide type) membranes , 1994 .

[37]  Ho Kyong Shon,et al.  Polyelectrolyte-promoted forward osmosis process for dye wastewater treatment – Exploring the feasibility of using polyacrylamide as draw solute , 2015 .

[38]  D. Hou,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of hydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber membranes for desalination through direct contact membrane distillation , 2009 .

[39]  Yue Cui,et al.  Novel forward osmosis process to effectively remove heavy metal ions , 2014 .

[40]  A. Altaee,et al.  Forward osmosis pretreatment of seawater to thermal desalination: High temperature FO-MSF/MED hybrid system , 2014 .

[41]  C. A. Smolders,et al.  Formation of membranes by means of immersion precipitation : Part I. A model to describe mass transfer during immersion precipitation , 1987 .

[42]  André Deratani,et al.  Properties of cellulose acetate nanofiltration membranes. Application to brackish water desalination , 2004 .

[43]  Cong-jie Gao,et al.  Enhancing antibiofouling performance of Polysulfone (PSf) membrane by photo-grafting of capsaicin derivative and acrylic acid , 2014 .

[44]  Kai Yu Wang,et al.  Double-Skinned Forward Osmosis Membranes for Reducing Internal Concentration Polarization within the Porous Sublayer , 2010 .

[45]  H. Lazarides,et al.  Osmotic concentration of liquid foods , 2001 .

[46]  Ngai Yin Yip,et al.  Thin-film composite pressure retarded osmosis membranes for sustainable power generation from salinity gradients. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[47]  Amy E. Childress,et al.  Forward osmosis: Principles, applications, and recent developments , 2006 .

[48]  Bin Cao,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of novel antibacterial silver nanocomposite nanofiltration and forward osmosis membranes based on layer-by-layer assembly. , 2013, Water research.

[49]  Yongsheng Fan,et al.  Blue energy: Current technologies for sustainable power generation from water salinity gradient , 2014 .

[50]  Richard W. Baker,et al.  The formation mechanism of asymmetric membranes , 1975 .

[51]  Ong Say Leong,et al.  Seawater desalination using forward osmosis process , 2014 .

[52]  Cong-jie Gao,et al.  Improving the performance of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane by incorporation of modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes , 2014 .

[53]  K. Richau,et al.  Annealing effect in porous cellulose acetate membranes , 1987 .