Two Types of Orientation in Migrating Starlings, Sturnus yulgaris L., and Chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs L., as Revealed by Displacement Experiments

CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . 1 Experiments with Starlings. 5 Methods. . . . . .. 5 Normal course of autumn migration 6 Numbers transported and recovered 11 Recoveries in the same season from transports in which adults and juveniles were released separately. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 Recoveries in the same season from transports in which adults and juveniles were released together 22 Recoveries in later seasons 24 Experiments with Chaffinches 28 Discussion . . 30 Summary 33 Samenvatting . 34 Literature . . 36