Cloud Point Extraction and Determination of Trace Iron(III) in Urine Samples by Spectrophotometry and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

The increase in the concentration of trace components relative to the total component concentration can be achieved with pre-concentration techniques [1]. There are multiple methods of pre-concentration for metals, like solid phase extraction (SPE), cloud point extraction (CPE), electrochemical deposition, co-precipitation and precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and ion-exchange [2-5]. In this study, emphasis was placed on the use of cloud point extraction technique for several reasons viz., high recovery efficiency, high concentration coefficient [6], green chemistry, less consuming reagent, less production of chemical residues, surfactant used is safe, non-volatile and non-toxic simplicity [7,8]. A pre-concentration method including the process of cloud point extraction is depended on the use of non-ionic varieties of surfactants in aqueous solutions and thus the formation of micelles and by heating these solutions to a certain temperature will become cloudy or turbid this temperature is known as the cloud point temperature [9]. Cloud point extraction is used with coupling with different techniques for estimating various elements in different samples such as, cloud point extraction to pre-concentration and analysis of strontium (II) ion by turbidimetric method using Schiff base derivative [10]. The increases in the concentration of iron in the body have negative effects including endocrine problems and diseases Cloud Point Extraction and Determination of Trace Iron(III) in Urine Samples by Spectrophotometry and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry