Oral symptoms and oral health in patients with chronic kidney disease

ABSTRACT Objective: Chronic kidney disease is characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. The impact of this disease on oral health also presents controversial results. The aim of the study was to determine oral health conditions and oral symptoms of patients with Chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study on a population with chronic renal failure was performed. Anamnesis and oral examination, decayed, miss and filled teeth (DMFT) index, community periodontal index, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and gingival index were conducted. Data were processed using SPSS v.s. 20.0 using descriptive statistics and Fischer’s exact test and ANOVA test (p<0.05). Results: 64.9% of all the individuals were male. The mean age was 50.7±14.8 years. 82.4% had symptoms oral while 44.6% had xerostomia and 31.1% dysgeusia. The mean DMFT was 20.49+8.68, the GI was low in 78.4% and the OHI-S was satisfactory in 73%; according to the community periodontal index, the presence of dental calculus occurred in 52.7%, periodontal pockets 41.9% and gingivitis 2.7%. There was a statistically significant association between xerostomia (p=0.017) and number of drugs consumed and between dysgeusia and OHI-S (p=0.011). Conclusion: The results suggest that oral symptoms such as dry mouth and dysgeusia, are common in Chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Dental calculus and periodontal disease in Chronic kidney disease may be severe even if low amount of biofilm is present. It is important that dentists know the most prevalent oral symptoms in the patient with Chronic kidney disease, as well as knowing that the periodontal condition of this patient should be carefully supervised.

[1]  Y. J. Kim,et al.  Evaluation of periodontal condition and risk in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis , 2017, Einstein.

[2]  A. Nakhaee,et al.  Oral manifestation and salivary changes in renal patients undergoing hemodialysis , 2017, Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry.

[3]  J. Meurman,et al.  Oral health in patients with renal disease: a longitudinal study from predialysis to kidney transplantation , 2017, Clinical Oral Investigations.

[4]  K. Manley Saliva composition and upper gastrointestinal symptoms in chronic kidney disease. , 2014, Journal of renal care.

[5]  J. Tadakamadla,et al.  Comparative evaluation of oral health status of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in various stages and healthy controls. , 2014, Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry.

[6]  I. Kocyiğit,et al.  An ignored cause of inflammation in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: periodontal problems , 2014, International Urology and Nephrology.

[7]  A. Kaushik,et al.  Oral and salivary changes among renal patients undergoing hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study , 2013, Indian journal of nephrology.

[8]  W. Siqueira,et al.  Dental calculus formation in children and adolescents undergoing hemodialysis , 2012, Pediatric Nephrology.

[9]  A. M. Grégio,et al.  Clinical oral findings in dialysis and kidney-transplant patients. , 2011, Quintessence international.

[10]  M. Davidovits,et al.  The correlation between dental calculus and disturbed mineral metabolism in paediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. , 2009, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[11]  L. Hofbauer,et al.  The circulating calcification inhibitors, fetuin-A and osteoprotegerin, but not matrix Gla protein, are associated with vascular stiffness and calcification in children on dialysis. , 2008, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[12]  R. Pecoits-Filho,et al.  Oral health in Brazilian patients with chronic renal disease. , 2008, Revista medica de Chile.

[13]  W. Siqueira,et al.  Oral and salivary flow characteristics of a group of Brazilian children and adolescents with chronic renal failure , 2008, Pediatric Nephrology.

[14]  J. García-Valdecasas,et al.  Periodontal and oral microbiological status of an adult population undergoing haemodialysis: a cross-sectional study. , 2007, Oral diseases.

[15]  E. Veerman,et al.  The oral health status of dentate patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis therapy. , 2006, Oral diseases.

[16]  S. Aranda Romo,et al.  Oral mucosa symptoms, signs and lesions, in end stage renal disease and non-end stage renal disease diabetic patients. , 2006, Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal.

[17]  A. Pereira,et al.  Avaliação da condição periodontal de pacientes renais em hemodiálise , 2005 .

[18]  S. Porter,et al.  Oral and Dental Aspects of Chronic Renal Failure , 2005, Journal of dental research.

[19]  C. Zoccali,et al.  Salivary and lacrimal secretion is reduced in patients with ESRD. , 2003, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[20]  U. Gursoy,et al.  Periodontal status of chronic renal failure patients receiving hemodialysis. , 2003, Yonsei medical journal.

[21]  Parveen Ahmed,et al.  Dental management of patients with renal failure. , 2002, General dentistry.

[22]  J. Klassen,et al.  The dental health status of dialysis patients. , 2002, Journal.

[23]  C. Kao,et al.  Decreased salivary function in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. , 2000, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[24]  G. Roberts,et al.  Dental findings in chronic renal failure , 1986, British Dental Journal.