Monoaminergic Innervation of Cingulate Cortex

As early as 1885 Bristowe recognized that damage to the cingulate gyrus resulted in neurological symptoms including impairment of cognitive function, emotional lability, depression, and loss of awareness. In his classic article, Papez (1937) commented that “the cingulate gyrus is the seat of dynamic vigilance by which emotional experiences are endowed with an emotional consciousness” and that damage to the cingulate gyrus results in a “loss of emotive dynamics.”