Biorefinery: Production of Biofuel, Heat, and Power Utilizing Biomass

The world's energy consumption is projected to increase rapidly that will cause depletion of known fossil fuel resources, global warming, and threat to future energy security. Biomass is likely to play a significant role in the future energy systems replacing conventional fuels because of strict regulations for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contributing as additional resource in the global energy mix. Biomass is processed in a biorefinery facility for polygeneration of bioenergy products such as biofuels, heat, and power. Polygeneration system can be categorized based on various process routes producing electricity or biofuels or even providing only heat, for example, biomass gasification system, integrated biogas production with combined heat and power by treating organic waste, and tri-generation systems. The successful commercialization of biorefinery systems for polygeneration requires pilot plants to demonstrate improvements in energy efficiency, substantial biofuel, heat, and power production potential from biomass together with reduced cost. From the sustainability perspective, biorefinery systems show numerous economic, social, and environmental benefits including diversification in biomass resources and bioenergy products. Keywords: greenhouse gas; biomass; biofuel; synthesis gas; sustainability

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