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vii I. THEORETICAL, EMPIRICAL, AND PRACTICAL RATIONALE 1 II. BABY HOMES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 16 III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS 3 0 IV. ASSESSMENTS 57 V. EVIDENCE THAT THE INTERVENTIONS WERE IMPLEMENTED AS PLANNED 8 4 VI. CAREGIVER BEHAVIOR O N THE WARDS (HOME INVENTORY) 9 5 VIL ORPHANAGE STAFF ATTITUDES, PERCEPTIONS, AND FEELINGS 108 VIII. INTERVENTION EFFECTS O N PHYSICAL GROWTH 124 IX. THE EFFECTS OF THE INTERVENTION O N CHILDREN'S GENERAL BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT (BATTELLE DEVELOPMENTAL INVENTORY) 142 X. EFFECTS OF THE INTERVENTIONS OF CAREGIVER-CHILD INTERACTIONS DURING FREE PLAY (PCERA) 167 XL INTERVENTION EFFECTS O N CAREGIVER-CHILD INTERACTIONS (INFANT AFFECT MANUAL, ATTACHMENT VARIABLES) 1 8 7 XII. SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 2 2 4 REFERENCES 2 4 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 261

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