Handheld multi-channel LAPS device as a transducer platform for possible biological and chemical multi-sensor applications

Abstract The light-addressable potentiometric sensor is a promising technology platform for multi-sensor applications and lab-on-chip devices. However, many prior LAPS developments suffer from their lack in terms of non-portability, insufficient robustness, complicate handling, etc. Hence, portable and robust LAPS-based measurement devices have been investigated by the authors recently. In this work, a “chip card”-based light-addressable potentiometric sensor system is presented. The utilisation of ordinary “chip cards” allows an easy handling of different sensor chips for a wide range of possible applications. The integration of the electronic and the mechanical set-up into a single reader unit results in a compact design with the benefits of portability and low required space. In addition, the presented work includes a new multi-frequency measurement procedure, based on an FFT algorithm, which enables the simultaneous real-time measurement of up to 16 sensor spots. The comparison between the former batch-LAPS and the new FFT-based LAPS set-up will be presented. The immobilisation of biological cells (CHO: Chinese hamster ovary) demonstrates the possibility to record their metabolic activity with 16 measurement spots on the same chip. Furthermore, a Cd 2+ -selective chalcogenide-glass layer together with a pH-sensitive Ta 2 O 5 layer validates the use of the LAPS for chemical multi-sensor applications.

[1]  M. Nakao,et al.  Improvement of Spatial Resolution of a Laser-Scanning pH-Imaging Sensor , 1994 .

[2]  Willi Zander,et al.  Can pulsed laser deposition serve as an advanced technique in fabricating chemical sensors , 2001 .

[3]  Michael J. Schöning,et al.  Penicillin detection by means of field-effect based sensors: EnFET, capacitive EIS sensor or LAPS? , 2001 .

[4]  J. W. Parce,et al.  Bioassays with a microphysiometer , 1990, Nature.

[5]  Hiroshi Iwasaki,et al.  Fabrication of Thin-Film LAPS with Amorphous Silicon , 2004, Sensors (Basel, Switzerland).

[6]  P. Gavazzo,et al.  Study of the relationship between extracellular acidification and cell viability by a silicon-based sensor , 1994 .

[7]  Willi Zander,et al.  Pulsed Laser Deposition – An Innovative Technique for Preparing Inorganic Thin Films , 2001 .

[8]  Hiroshi Iwasaki,et al.  Constant-Current-Mode LAPS (CLAPS) for the Detectionof Penicillin , 2001 .

[9]  Michael J. Schöning,et al.  PLD-prepared cadmium sensors based on chalcogenide glasses—ISFET, LAPS and μISE semiconductor structures , 2006 .

[10]  Michael J. Schöning,et al.  Detecting Both Physical and (Bio‐)Chemical Parameters by Means of ISFET Devices , 2004 .

[11]  N. D. Rooij,et al.  Microstructured solid-state ion-sensitive membranes by thermal oxidation of Ta , 1990 .

[12]  Claudio Nicolini,et al.  PAB: a newly designed potentiometric alternating biosensor system , 1995 .

[13]  T. Yoshinobu,et al.  "All-in-one" solid-state device based on a light-addressable potentiometric sensor platform , 2005, The 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 2005. Digest of Technical Papers. TRANSDUCERS '05..

[14]  Wolfgang J. Parak,et al.  A novel design of multi-light LAPS based on digital compensation of frequency domain , 2001 .

[15]  M. Koudelka-Hep,et al.  Miniaturised flow-through cell with integrated capacitive EIS sensor fabricated at wafer level using Si and SU-8 technologies , 2005 .

[16]  Christian Wandrey,et al.  The influence of dissolved oxygen tension on the metabolic activity of an immobilized hybridoma population , 2004, Cytotechnology.

[17]  Hiroshi Iwasaki,et al.  Alternative sensor materials for light-addressable potentiometric sensors , 2001 .

[18]  Teruaki Katsube,et al.  High speed chemical image sensor with digital LAPS system , 1996 .

[19]  I Lundström,et al.  Artificial 'olfactory' images from a chemical sensor using a light-pulse technique , 1991, Nature.

[20]  J. W. Parce,et al.  The cytosensor microphysiometer: biological applications of silicon technology. , 1992, Science.

[21]  J. W. Parce,et al.  The light-addressable potentiometric sensor: principles and biological applications. , 1994, Annual review of biophysics and biomolecular structure.

[22]  Wolfgang J. Parak,et al.  Lateral resolution of light-addressable potentiometric sensors: an experimental and theoretical investigation , 1997 .

[23]  J. W. Parce,et al.  Light-addressable potentiometric sensor for biochemical systems. , 1988, Science.

[24]  Ming Xu,et al.  Scanning photo-induced impedance microscopy—an impedance based imaging technique , 2002 .

[25]  Y. Ermolenko,et al.  The light-addressable potentiometric sensor for multi-ion sensing and imaging. , 2005, Methods.

[26]  J. W. Parce,et al.  Detection of cell-affecting agents with a silicon biosensor. , 1989, Science.

[27]  Hiroshi Iwasaki,et al.  Ion-selective light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) with chalcogenide thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition , 2001 .

[28]  C. Rao,et al.  “LAPS Card”—A novel chip card-based light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) , 2006 .

[29]  Michael J. Schöning,et al.  Development of a handheld 16 channel pen-type LAPS for electrochemical sensing , 2005 .

[30]  M. Koudelka-Hep,et al.  Two microcell flow-injection analysis (FIA) platforms for capacitive silicon-based field-effect sensors , 2005 .

[31]  Michael J. Schöning,et al.  CIP (cleaning-in-place) suitable “non-glass” pH sensor based on a Ta2O5-gate EIS structure , 2005 .

[32]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Encyclopedia of Sensors , 2006 .

[33]  Biosensors for detection of enzymes immobilized in microvolume reaction chambers , 1990 .