Bioprinting of Bone

Abstract Bone is a vital tissue of the body and a key component of the musculoskeletal system, which routinely overcomes insult and degeneration through its highly regenerative capabilities. However, in certain circumstances bone fails to properly heal and treatment is required. The current standard of care therapies have significant shortcomings. Advances in bioprinting and tissue engineering hold much promise for improving both the quality and efficiency of bone reconstructive therapies. Bioprinting, technically, does not yet occur because custom resorbable scaffolds are not currently constructed with growth factors or autologous cells; however, recent research has been rapidly expanding the 3D printing techniques as well as 3D printable materials with properties finely tuned to reconstruct patient-specific defects. This research seems to be leading toward a future of resorbable scaffolds that incorporate appropriate growth factors and osteoprogenitor cells. Time will reveal whether these therapies will become widely available and standard-of-care.

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