Highly sensitive detection of low abundant molecules by pyro-electrohydro-dynamic jetting

The effective detection of low-concentrated molecules in small volumes represents a significant challenge in many sectors such as biomedicine, safety, and pollution. Here, we show an easy way to dispense liquid droplets from few μl volume (0.2-0.5 μl) of a mother drop, used as reservoir, by using a pyro-electrohydro-dynamic jetting (p-jet) dispenser. This system is proposed for multi-purpose applications such as printing viscous fluids and as a biosensor system. The p-jet system is based on the pyroelectric effect of polar dielectric crystals such as lithium niobate (LN). The electric field generated by the pyroelectric effect acts electro-hydrodynamically on the sample of liquid, allowing the deposition of small volumes. The p-jet approach allows to obtain the dispensing of drops of very small volumes (up to tenths of a picoliter) avoiding the use of syringes and nozzles generally used in standard technologies. The reliability of the technique as a biosensor is demonstrated both in the case of oligonucleotides and in a sample of clinical interest, namely gliadin. The results show the possibility of detecting these biomolecules even when they are low abundant, i.e. down to attomolar. The results show a marked improvement in the detection limit (LOD) when compared with the conventional technique (ELISA). Moreover, it has been presented the possibility of using the p-jet as a useful tool in the detection of biomarkers, present in the blood but currently not detectable with conventional techniques and related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer.