Large-scale dimensional metrology (LSDM): from tapes and theodolites to multi-sensor systems

Last decades witness an increasing interest in Large-Scale/Large-Volume Dimensional Metrology (LSDM). Many fields of application, ranging from construction to shipbuilding and aerospace, have shown more and more accurate and versatile systems for geometric control and tolerancing. Especially in the last ten years, optical technology has registered a fundamental step forward both in terms of metrological performances, versatility and convenience of use. This is further demonstrated by the current large diffusion of laser tracker and photogrammetric systems. The growth is also complemented by the development of new standards, even though a comprehensive body specific for LSDM is still lacking. The twofold aim of the present survey is to present a bibliographical and bibliometric analysis of the field and to propose a scheme of classification of the main current approaches. As an output of this paper, a “LSDM Multi-perspective Model” is introduced, according to which dominant technologies and restrictions are analyzed with the aim of individuating current lacks and defining the roadmap for future development of new instruments and systems.