Communication-aware Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Mapping for Real-time Streaming Systems

Real-time streaming signal processing systems typically desire high throughput and low latency. Many such systems can be modeled as synchronous data flow graphs. In this paper, we address the problem of multi-objective mapping of SDF graphs onto heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms, where we account for the overhead of bus-based inter-processor communication. The primary contributions include (1) an integer linear programming (ILP) model that globally optimizes throughput, latency and cost; (2) low-complexity two-stage heuristics based on a combination of an evolutionary algorithm with an ILP to generate either a single sub-optimal mapping solution or a Pareto front for design space optimization. In our simulations, the proposed heuristic shows up to 12x run-time efficiency compared to the global ILP while maintaining a 10 − 6 optimality gap in throughput.

[1]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Statically sceduling communication resources in multiprocessor DSP architectures , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 28th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers.

[2]  Luca Benini,et al.  An efficient and complete approach for throughput-maximal SDF allocation and scheduling on multi-core platforms , 2010, 2010 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010).

[3]  Andreas Gerstlauer,et al.  Heterogeneous multiprocessor mapping for real-time streaming systems , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

[4]  Jürgen Teich,et al.  Systematic integration of parameterized local search into evolutionary algorithms , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[5]  Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya,et al.  Intermediate Representations for Design Automation of Multiprocessor DSP Systems , 2002, Des. Autom. Embed. Syst..

[6]  Sander Stuijk,et al.  Resource-efficient routing and scheduling of time-constrained streaming communication on networks-on-chip , 2008, J. Syst. Archit..

[7]  Marco Laumanns,et al.  SPEA2: Improving the strength pareto evolutionary algorithm , 2001 .

[8]  Lothar Thiele,et al.  Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: a comparative case study and the strength Pareto approach , 1999, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput..

[9]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Software Synthesis from Dataflow Graphs , 1996 .

[10]  F. Glover.  IMPROVED LINEAR INTEGER PROGRAMMING FORMULATIONS OF NONLINEAR INTEGER PROBLEMS , 1975 .

[11]  Peter Marwedel,et al.  Embedded system design , 2010, Embedded Systems.

[12]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Static Scheduling of Synchronous Data Flow Programs for Digital Signal Processing , 1989, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[13]  Tughrul Arslan,et al.  Algorithmic Level Design Space Exploration Tool for Creation of Highly Optimized Synthesizable Circuits , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07.

[14]  Axel Jantsch,et al.  Buffer minimization of real-time streaming applications scheduling on hybrid CPU/FPGA architectures , 2009, 2009 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition.

[15]  Sander Stuijk,et al.  SDF^3: SDF For Free , 2006, Sixth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD'06).

[16]  Gilbert Christopher Sih,et al.  Multiprocessor scheduling to account for interprocessor communication , 1992 .

[17]  Jürgen Teich,et al.  Evolutionary algorithms for the synthesis of embedded software , 2000, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst..

[18]  J.T. Alander,et al.  On optimal population size of genetic algorithms , 1992, CompEuro 1992 Proceedings Computer Systems and Software Engineering.

[19]  Francesco Poletti,et al.  Communication-aware allocation and scheduling framework for stream-oriented multi-processor systems-on-chip , 2006, Proceedings of the Design Automation & Test in Europe Conference.

[20]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Automatic code generation for heterogeneous multiprocessors , 1994, Proceedings of ICASSP '94. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.