Evaluation the Effect of Single and Multiple Administration of Tramadol on Sedation and Analgesia in Sheep's

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate effect of single (acute) and multiple-dose(chronic) of tramadol intramuscular injection on pain threshold after stimulation by electrical stimulator. Martials and Methods: Eight male sheepwere used in the study were randomly divide into two groups. Group1 (control): receiving 0.9% normal saline intramuscular. Group2 (single-doseadministration): receiving tramadol 5mg/kg intramuscular. The animals in Group 1and 2 were treated dailywith intramuscular injection of normal saline IM (5 mg/kg) and tramadol IM (5 mg/kg) respectively for three days. The pain threshold were evaluated at 0 15, 30, 45, 60 minute after administration single dose in all group by using electrical stimulator. The intensity of pain response (analgesia) were recorded and sedation were evaluated. Results: The estimated showedsignificant increase in pain threshold between pre and post treatment that which represent the analgesic activity of tramadol.Increase in pain thresholdwere significantly higher than baseline values at all estimation times after administration of tramadol and were lower tonear to the baseline after 60 minute. The peak of analgesic activity was at 45 minute in single and multiple administration and there is no significant difference in peak of analgesic activity between single and multiple administration. Sedation are the adverse effects were observedin single and multiple administration but the degree of sedation is more in multiple dose than in single doseafter administration of tramadol. Results showed that no significant differences between singleI.M administration of tramadol at 5mg/kg and multiple-dose regimen for three days on bone marker (Specific Bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and Osteocalcin (OC)). Conclusions: Single and multiple administration of tramadol produce good andintensity analgesic activity, thus can be use tramadol in sheep as a good analgesic drug with little side effects and without effect on bone density.

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