An adaptive cuckoo search based algorithm for placement of relay nodes in wireless body area networks

Abstract The evolution of wireless body area networks (WBAN) has changed the human life for its applications in the field of healthcare, fitness, entertainment and sports etc. However, two of the major challenges in the design of WBAN are energy efficiency and connectivity. The placement of relay nodes in a wireless body area network (WBAN) plays an important role in design of energy efficient and reliable WBAN. This problem is a joint problem of data routing and placement of relay nodes and formulated as a linear integer programming model. The main objective of the problem is to minimize the cost of relay nodes, energy consumption and distributing the loads uniformly on the relay nodes. Considering the hardness of the problem, we propose an adaptive cuckoo search based algorithm which uses an efficient fitness function and an adaptive step size proportional to the fitness function for placement of relay nodes. The set of relay nodes obtained by our proposed adaptive cuckoo search algorithm compared with cuckoo search as well as other state of the art algorithms via simulation results. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm not only consumes less energy than its counterparts but also distributes the load evenly on the relay nodes. We consider two different postures of the body with 13 biosensors placed in fixed positions and 50–100 candidate sites for placement of relay nodes. Furthermore, we also consider 80 biosensors randomly deployed in a rectangular area with 50–300 candidate sites to study the scalability of our algorithm.

[1]  Rajeev Motwani,et al.  Randomized Algorithms , 1995, SIGA.

[2]  Bhekisipho Twala,et al.  An adaptive Cuckoo search algorithm for optimisation , 2018, Applied Computing and Informatics.

[3]  Marco Tagliasacchi,et al.  An integrated system based on wireless sensor networks for patient monitoring, localization and tracking , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[4]  Govind P. Gupta,et al.  Integrated clustering and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks using Cuckoo and Harmony Search based metaheuristic techniques , 2018, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[5]  Robert C. Chepkwony,et al.  ENERGY EFFICIENT MODEL FOR DEPLOYING WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS USING MULTI-HOP NETWORK TOPOLOGY , 2013 .

[6]  Muhammad Faheem,et al.  QERP: Quality-of-Service (QoS) Aware Evolutionary Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks , 2018, IEEE Systems Journal.

[7]  Kok-Kiong Yap,et al.  To Hop or Not to Hop: Network Architecture for Body Sensor Networks , 2009, 2009 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks.

[8]  Ingrid Moerman,et al.  Characterization of On-Body Communication Channel and Energy Efficient Topology Design for Wireless Body Area Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[9]  Jocelyne Elias,et al.  Optimal design of energy-efficient and cost-effective wireless body area networks , 2014, Ad Hoc Networks.

[10]  David B. Smith,et al.  Challenges in body area networks for healthcare: the MAC , 2012, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[11]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Topology design and cross-layer optimization for wireless body sensor networks , 2017, Ad Hoc Networks.

[12]  Kok-Kiong Yap,et al.  Investigating network architectures for body sensor networks , 2007, HealthNet '07.

[13]  Thang Trung Nguyen,et al.  Economic Emission Load Dispatch with Multiple Fuel Options Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm with Gaussian and Cauchy distributions , 2014 .

[14]  Vittorio Maniezzo,et al.  Exact and Approximate Nondeterministic Tree-Search Procedures for the Quadratic Assignment Problem , 1999, INFORMS J. Comput..

[15]  Sudip Misra,et al.  Link-Quality-Aware Resource Allocation With Load Balance in Wireless Body Area Networks , 2018, IEEE Systems Journal.

[16]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  Co-LAEEBA: Cooperative link aware and energy efficient protocol for wireless body area networks , 2015, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[17]  Fabio D'Andreagiovanni,et al.  Towards the fast and robust optimal design of wireless body area networks , 2015, Appl. Soft Comput..

[18]  Luca Maria Gambardella,et al.  Ant Algorithms for Discrete Optimization , 1999, Artificial Life.

[19]  Rutuparna Panda,et al.  A novel adaptive cuckoo search algorithm for intrinsic discriminant analysis based face recognition , 2016, Appl. Soft Comput..

[20]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  iM-SIMPLE: iMproved stable increased-throughput multi-hop link efficient routing protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks , 2015, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[21]  Marjan Kaedi,et al.  A New Energy-Efficient Topology for Wireless Body Area Networks , 2017, Journal of medical signals and sensors.