A Taxonomy on Biometric Security and Its Applications

In modern times, pioneering works in the field of face recognition have seen the new development in biometric technology. A greater spectrum with modalities such as iris, face, fingerprints, signature, or hand has been largely deployed, and highly accurate systems using these modalities have been designed too. Recently, a critical issue has been addressed that affects the path of technological evolution in biometrics, i.e., spoofing, which is very resistant to biometric technology through external attacks. Spoofing is different from other IT security solutions as it is a purely biometric vulnerability. With the help of a sensor, an illegitimate user fools the biometric system by treating it as a genuine one using a synthetic forged version refers to as spoofing. The researchers and developers of the biometric community have worked a lot in suggesting and emerging different security methods. The main objective of this paper is to deliver an inclusive outline of the emerging field of anti-spoofing that has been carried out over the last decade. The work covers concepts, procedures, or advanced techniques that largely positioned face modality and also explains the future aspect in the field of biometric security.