Studies to minimize the effects of bond slippage in exterior joints of R/C ductile moment resisting frames

A mathematical model of a deformed bar anchored in a concrete block described in Ref. 1 has been extended to cover also hooked bars. The analytically predicted response of straight and hooked bars anchored at exterior joints compares well with available experimental results. An extensive numerical investigation has been carried out to show the influence of significant parameters on the anchored bar behavior. The results of this investigation are used to offer practical recommendations for the anchorage of bars at exterior joints.