Metric Classification Network in Actual Face Recognition Scene

In order to make facial features more discriminative, some new models have recently been proposed. However, almost all of these models use the traditional face verification method, where the cosine operation is performed using the features of the bottleneck layer output. However, each of these models needs to change a threshold each time it is operated on a different test set. This is very inappropriate for application in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we train a validation classifier to normalize the decision threshold, which means that the result can be obtained directly without replacing the threshold. We refer to our model as validation classifier, which achieves best result on the structure consisting of one convolution layer and six fully connected layers. To test our approach, we conduct extensive experiments on Labeled Face in the Wild (LFW) and Youtube Faces (YTF), and the relative error reduction is 25.37% and 26.60% than traditional method respectively. These experiments confirm the effectiveness of validation classifier on face recognition task.

[1]  Xiaogang Wang,et al.  Deep Learning Face Representation by Joint Identification-Verification , 2014, NIPS.

[2]  Yu Qiao,et al.  Joint Face Detection and Alignment Using Multitask Cascaded Convolutional Networks , 2016, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[3]  Jiwen Lu,et al.  Discriminative Deep Metric Learning for Face Verification in the Wild , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[4]  Stefanos Zafeiriou,et al.  ArcFace: Additive Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition , 2018, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[5]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks , 2012, Commun. ACM.

[6]  Yu Qiao,et al.  A Discriminative Feature Learning Approach for Deep Face Recognition , 2016, ECCV.

[7]  Jian Cheng,et al.  NormFace: L2 Hypersphere Embedding for Face Verification , 2017, ACM Multimedia.

[8]  Nikos Komodakis,et al.  Learning to compare image patches via convolutional neural networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[9]  Xing Ji,et al.  CosFace: Large Margin Cosine Loss for Deep Face Recognition , 2018, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[10]  James Philbin,et al.  FaceNet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[11]  Li Bai,et al.  Cosine Similarity Metric Learning for Face Verification , 2010, ACCV.

[12]  Jian Cheng,et al.  Additive Margin Softmax for Face Verification , 2018, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[13]  Rahul Sukthankar,et al.  MatchNet: Unifying feature and metric learning for patch-based matching , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[14]  Bhiksha Raj,et al.  SphereFace: Deep Hypersphere Embedding for Face Recognition , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[15]  Jian Sun,et al.  Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[16]  Large-Scale Image Recognition with a Camera Phone , 2009 .

[17]  Meng Yang,et al.  Large-Margin Softmax Loss for Convolutional Neural Networks , 2016, ICML.

[18]  Tal Hassner,et al.  Face recognition in unconstrained videos with matched background similarity , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[19]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition , 2014, ICLR.

[20]  Dumitru Erhan,et al.  Going deeper with convolutions , 2014, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[21]  Shengcai Liao,et al.  Learning Face Representation from Scratch , 2014, ArXiv.

[22]  Kaiming He,et al.  Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).