Applications of the momentum principle: hydraulic jump, surge and flow resistance in open channels

In this chapter the momentum equation is applied to open channel flows. The momentum principle is always used for hydrodynamic force calculations: e.g. force acting on a gate, flow resistance in uniform equilibrium flow. Other applications include the hydraulic jump, surge and bore. Hydraulic jump and positive surge calculations are developed for frictionless flow. Later, the momentum equation is combined with flow resistance formulations. Several calculations of friction loss in open channel are discussed with analogy to pipe flow. Head losses calculations are developed with the Darcy, Chezy, Manning and Strickler coefficients.