Stereotaxic apparatus and operations in Russia in the 19th century.

✓ The authors trace the early history of human stereotaxic apparatus and its use with particular reference to the work of D. N. Zernov in 1889, N. V. Altuchov in 1891, and G. I. Rossolimo in 1907, as well as the better known apparatus described by Horsley and Clarke in 1906.