The mid‐season crash in aphid populations: why and how does it occur?

Abstract.  1. Aphid populations on agricultural crops in temperature regions collapse over a few days from peak numbers to local extinction soon after mid‐summer (e.g. mid‐July in the U.K.). The populations recover 6–8 weeks later. There is anecdotal or incidental evidence of an equivalent mid‐season population crash of aphids on grasses and forbs in natural vegetation.

[1]  J. Pitchford,et al.  The causes and processes of the mid-summer population crash of the potato aphids Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) , 2003, Bulletin of Entomological Research.

[2]  N. Moran,et al.  Facultative bacterial symbionts in aphids confer resistance to parasitic wasps , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  Angela E. Douglas,et al.  The Nutritional Physiology of Aphids , 2003 .

[4]  A. Karley,et al.  Amino acid composition and nutritional quality of potato leaf phloem sap for aphids. , 2002, The Journal of experimental biology.

[5]  L. Sigsgaard,et al.  A survey of aphids and aphid parasitoids in cereal fields in Denmark, and the parasitoids' role in biological control , 2002 .

[6]  A. Mead,et al.  Matching control options to a pest complex: the integrated pest management of aphids in sequentially-planted crops of outdoor lettuce , 2002 .

[7]  A. Maxmen,et al.  Facultative bacterial endosymbionts benefit pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum under heat stress , 2002 .

[8]  X. Pons,et al.  Effect of High Temperature on the Growth and Reproduction of Corn Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Implications for Their Population Dynamics on the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula , 2001 .

[9]  F. Wäckers,et al.  Linking above- and belowground multitrophic interactions of plants, herbivores, pathogens, and their antagonists , 2001 .

[10]  M. Wilson,et al.  The effects of surface roughness and type of denture acrylic on biofilm formation by Streptococcus oralis in a constant depth film fermentor , 2001, Journal of applied microbiology.

[11]  K. Walters,et al.  Effect of temperature and cultivar on pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) life history , 2001, Bulletin of Entomological Research.

[12]  W. Weisser.  Metapopulation dynamics in an aphid‐parasitoid system , 2000 .

[13]  A. E. Douglas.  Reproductive diapause and the bacterial symbiosis in the sycamore aphid Drepanosiphum platanoidis , 2000 .

[14]  A. Purcell,et al.  Fitness effects of two facultative endosymbiotic bacteria on the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and the blue alfalfa aphid, A. kondoi , 2000 .

[15]  A. Dixon,et al.  Alate production by aphids on sugar beet: how likely is the evolution of sugar beet-specific biotypes? , 2000 .

[16]  A. Karley,et al.  Crop growth stage and the phenology of aphid populations on potato. , 2000 .

[17]  A. Dixon,et al.  Causes of regional and yearly variation in pea aphid numbers in eastern England , 1999 .

[18]  Tae Ho Ro,et al.  GPA-Phenodynamics, a simulation model for the population dynamics and phenology of green peach aphid in potato: formulation, validation, and analysis , 1999 .

[19]  R. Denno,et al.  FACTORS FACILITATING SYNERGISTIC PREDATION: THE CENTRAL ROLE OF SYNCHRONY , 1999 .

[20]  Robert Belshaw,et al.  The structure of an aphid–parasitoid community , 1999 .

[21]  R. Watson.  Common themes for ecologists in global issues , 1999 .

[22]  A. Dixon,et al.  Onset of a decline in the quality of sugar beet as a host for the aphid Myzus persicae , 1998 .

[23]  G. Long,et al.  Predicting Phenology of Green Peach Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) using Degree-Days , 1998 .

[24]  W. E. Parker.  Forecasting the timing and size of aphid populations (Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae) on potato , 1998 .

[25]  J. Rosenheim.  Higher-order predators and the regulation of insect herbivore populations. , 1998, Annual review of entomology.

[26]  J. Holland,et al.  Quantifying the impact of polyphagous invertebrate predators in controlling cereal aphids and in preventing wheat yield and quality reductions , 1997 .

[27]  J. Perry,et al.  The effect of climate change on an aphid–coccinellid interaction , 1997 .

[28]  J. I. Thacker,et al.  Forecasting of periodic fluctuations in annual abundance of the bean aphid: the role of density dependence and weather , 1997 .

[29]  W. E. Parker.  Forecasting the timing and size of field populations of aphids on potato in England and Wales , 1997 .

[30]  R. Bommarco,et al.  Variation in pea aphid population development in three different habitats , 1996 .

[31]  J. H. Frank,et al.  Insect Natural Enemies , 1997, Springer Netherlands.

[32]  K. Hopper,et al.  Natural enemy impact on the abundance of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) in wheat in southern France. , 1995 .

[33]  T. Nakata.  Seasonal Population Prevalence of Aphids with Special Reference to the Production of Alatoid Nymphs in a Potato Field in Hokkaido, Japan , 1995 .

[34]  T. Nakata.  Population fluctuations of aphids and their natural enemies on potato in Hokkaido, Japan. , 1995 .

[35]  E. Bernays,et al.  Host-Plant Selection by Phytophagous Insects , 1994, Contemporary Topics in Entomology.

[36]  Z. Basky.  Incidence and population fluctuation of Diuraphis noxia in Hungary , 1993 .

[37]  A. E. Douglas.  The nutritional quality of phloem sap utilized by natural aphid populations , 1993 .

[38]  B. Ekbom,et al.  Can polyphagous predators control the bird cherry‐oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) in spring cereals?: A simulation study , 1992 .

[39]  A. Dixon,et al.  The effect of plant phenology on the induction of alatae and the development of populations of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), the rose‐grain aphid, on winter wheat , 1992 .

[40]  A. Dixon,et al.  Forecasting of peak population density of the rose grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum on wheat , 1990 .

[41]  A. Dixon,et al.  Host Alternation in Aphids: Constraint Versus Optimization , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[42]  G. Boiteau.  NATIVE PREDATORS AND THE CONTROL OF POTATO APHIDS , 1986, The Canadian Entomologist.

[43]  A. Watt,et al.  The role of cereal growth stages and crowding in the induction of alatae in Sitobion avenae and its consequences for population growth , 1981 .

[44]  L. Taylor,et al.  The use of egg counts and suction trap samples to forecast the infestation of spring-sown field beans, Vicia faba, by the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae. , 1981 .

[45]  R. K. Stewart,et al.  OCCURRENCE, DEVELOPMENT, AND DISTRIBUTION OF CEREAL APHIDS ON EARLY AND LATE CULTIVARS OF WHEAT, BARLEY, AND OATS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC , 1980, The Canadian Entomologist.

[46]  Margaret G. Jones.  Assessing forest ecosystem health II.A case study. , 1979 .

[47]  A. Watt.  The effect of cereal growth stages on the reproductive activity of Sitobion avenue and Metopolophium dirhodum , 1979 .

[48]  Margaret G. Jones.  Abundance of aphids on cereals from before 1973 to 1977. , 1979 .

[49]  C. Barlow.  Development, Survival, and Fecundity of the Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), at Constant Temperatures , 1962, The Canadian Entomologist.

[50]  J. Kennedy,et al.  HOST ALTERNATION IN APHIS FABAE SCOP. I. FEEDING PREFERENCES AND FECUNDITY IN RELATION TO THE AGE AND KIND OF LEAVES , 1951 .