The hypnagogic state: a critical review of the literature.

In this paper, literature concerned with the hypnagogic state is reviewed. The term hypnagogic state is used in a descriptive sense to emphasize that numerous phenomena characterize the drowsy interval between waking and sleeping. Major methodological issues are considered, psychological and physiological aspects of the hypnagogic state are reviewed, and theories con- cerned with the genesis and function of hypnagogic phenomena are critically evaluated. Possible directions for future research are outlined, with emphasis placed on elucidating the patterns of psychological and physiological phenomena which characterize the hypnagogic state.

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