Surfactant Drag Reduction

3.1 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN DRAG REDUCTION 13 3.2 DRAG REDUCTION OF ANIONIC SOAP SOLUTIONS 15 3.3 DRAG REDUCTION OF NONIONIC SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS 16 3.4 DRAG REDUCTION OF ZWTTTERIONIC SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS 18 3.5 DRAG REDUCTION OF CATIONIC SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS 19 3.5.1 Surfactant Structure Effects 19 3.5.2 Counterion Effects 21 3.5.3 Stability 23 3.6 DIAMETER EFFECTS 24 3.7HEATTRANSFERREDUCTIONIN DRAG REDUCING FLOWS 26 3.8 MAXIMUM DRAG REDUCTION ASYMPTOTE 28 3.9 INVESTIGATIONS ON MECHANISM OF SURFACTANT DRAG REDUCTION .. 29