Vapor Pressure of Explosives: A Critical Review

A critical review of vapor pressure data for military, civilian, and homemade explosives, explosive precursors, and explosive taggants is presented. It gives reference to a large number of papers and reports presenting original vapor pressure measurements and additionally an overview of measurements techniques for vapor pressure measurements and data analysis of vapor pressure measurements. Vapor pressure data, including Clausius–Clapeyron parameters (A and B in: log10(p)=A−B/T), calculated vapor pressure at room temperature, and heat of sublimation or heat of vaporization are included. The following classes of compounds are treated; military explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX, PETN, HNS, TATB, AP), civilian explosives (NG, EGDN, AN), explosive taggants (EGDN, DNMB, 2-NT, 4-NT), home-made explosives (TATP, DADP, HMTD). and explosive precursors [HP(aq), NM, IPN, DNT].

[1]  H. Wise,et al.  DISSOCIATION PRESSURE OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE1 , 1963 .

[2]  D. Holcomb,et al.  Thermodynamic Properties of Nitroparaffins , 1949 .

[3]  T. Seiyama,et al.  Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonium Nitrate Crystal: Phase Transitions between Stable and Metastable Phases , 1967 .

[4]  F. Williams,et al.  Sublimation of ammonium perchlorate , 1969 .

[5]  D. R. Stull,et al.  Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds , 1947 .

[6]  W. Giauque,et al.  The Entropy of Nitromethane. Heat Capacity of Solid and Liquid. Vapor Pressure, Heats of Fusion and Vaporization , 1947 .

[7]  Wm. H. Rinkenbach The Properties of Glycol Dinitrate1 , 1926 .

[8]  R. Dreisbach,et al.  Vapor Pressure–Temperature Data on Some Organic Compounds , 1949 .

[9]  H. Östmark,et al.  Detection of Liquid and Homemade Explosives: What Do We Need to Know About Their Properties? , 2008 .

[10]  Jonathan W. Williams A STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NITROMETHANE , 1925 .

[11]  H. Xiang,et al.  A new vapor-pressure equation , 1994 .

[12]  James L. Smith,et al.  Determination of Urea Nitrate and Guanidine Nitrate Vapor Pressures by Isothermal Thermogravimetry , 2010 .

[13]  P. Lightfoot,et al.  Thermal properties of DMNB, a detection agent for explosives , 2002 .

[14]  Joda Wormhoudt,et al.  Apparatus for determination of vapor pressures at ambient temperatures employing a Knudsen effusion cell and quartz crystal microbalance , 2008 .

[15]  C. Wood,et al.  Vapour pressure measurements on some organic high explosives , 1978 .

[16]  D. Moore Instrumentation for trace detection of high explosives , 2004 .

[17]  James L. Smith,et al.  Decompositions of Urea and Guanidine Nitrates , 2008 .

[18]  Jimmie C. Oxley,et al.  Determination of the Vapor Density of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) Using a Gas Chromatography Headspace Technique , 2005 .

[19]  Willard de C. Crater The Vapor Pressures of Glycerol Trinitrate and Certain Glycol Dinitrates , 1929 .

[20]  J. D. Brandner,et al.  Vapor Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate. , 1962 .

[21]  M. D. Kemp,et al.  Vapor Pressures and Cryoscopic Data for Some Aliphatic Dinitroxy and Trinitroxy Compounds , 1957 .

[22]  M. Anbar,et al.  Determination of the concentration of explosives in air by isotope dilution analysis. , 1975, Forensic science.

[23]  A. Marshall,et al.  XXXIII.—The vapour pressure of glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) , 1916 .

[24]  Manu Prasanna,et al.  High-sensitivity detection of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and its precursor acetone. , 2007, Applied optics.

[25]  Orville E. May,et al.  STUDIES IN VAPOR PRESSURE. II THE MONONITROTOLUENES , 1926 .

[26]  O. Maass,et al.  THE PROPERTIES OF PURE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. V. VAPOR PRESSURE , 1924 .

[27]  D. Rounbehler,et al.  Vapor pressure of explosives , 1986 .

[28]  David S. Moore,et al.  Recent Advances in Trace Explosives Detection Instrumentation , 2007 .

[29]  M. Kannan,et al.  Sublimation and thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate , 1977 .

[30]  J. Wisniak Historical development of the vapor pressure equation from dalton to antoine , 2001 .

[31]  G. Edwards The vapour pressure of cyclo-trimethylene-trinitramine (cyclonite) and pentaerythritol-tetranitrate , 1953 .

[32]  C. Dickinson,et al.  VAPOR PRESSURES AND HEATS OF SUBLIMATION OF SOME HIGH MELTING ORGANIC EXPLOSIVES , 1969 .

[33]  James L. Smith,et al.  Determining the Vapor Pressures of Diacetone Diperoxide (DADP) and Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD) , 2009 .

[34]  David E. G. Jones,et al.  Thermal Analysis Studies on Isopropylnitrate , 1999 .

[35]  A. Sanjurjo,et al.  Vapor pressures of the copper and yttrium β-diketonate MOCVD precursors , 2001 .

[36]  J. Field,et al.  Study of the thermal decomposition of pentaerythritol tetranitrate , 1976 .

[37]  P. Tontiwachwuthikul,et al.  Using A Packed-Column Model To Simulate the Performance of A Membrane Absorber , 2006 .

[38]  W. Mccrone Crystallographic Data. 32. RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine) , 1950 .

[39]  L. Rittfeldt Determination of vapor pressure of low-volatility compounds using a method to obtain saturated vapor with coated capillary columns. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[40]  A. Freedman,et al.  Knudsen Effusion Measurement of Organic Peroxide Vapor Pressures , 2010 .

[41]  M. Ahtee,et al.  The crystal structure of phase II ammonium nitrate , 1979 .