Adaptive Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Using Nondestructive Testing

Seismic fragility reflects the ability of a structure to withstand future seismic demands. To obtain an accurate assessment of seismic fragility, it is critical to incorporate information about the current structural properties. This paper describes a probabilistic framework to incorporate information from nondestructive testing (NDT) in the estimates of the seismic fragility of a reinforced concrete (RC) bridge. The proposed framework combines global and local damage detection methods to incorporate information from nondestructive testing (NDT) on the properties of an existing bridge. As an illustration, the proposed probabilistic framework is used to assess the seismic fragility of an example reinforced concrete bridge.

[1]  Pei-Ling Liu,et al.  Identification and Damage Detection of Trusses Using Modal Data , 1995 .

[2]  김무한,et al.  고강도콘크리트의 공학적 특성에 미치는 조골재 종류의 영향에 관한 실험적 연구 ( An Experimental Study on the Influence of the Kinds of Coarse Aggregate on Engineering Properties of High Strength Concrete ) , 1991 .

[3]  Mark G. Stewart,et al.  Structural Safety and Serviceability of Concrete Bridges Subject to Corrosion , 1998 .

[4]  J. Juang,et al.  A variance based confidence criterion for ERA identified modal parameters. [Eigensystem Realization Algorithm] , 2011 .

[5]  George E. Apostolakis,et al.  Including model uncertainty in risk-informed decision making , 2006 .

[6]  Murat Saatcioglu,et al.  REINFORCEMENT ANCHORAGE SLIP UNDER MONOTONIC LOADING , 1992 .

[7]  Mark G. Stewart,et al.  Structural reliability of concrete bridges including improved chloride-induced corrosion models , 2000 .

[8]  David A. Nix,et al.  Vibration–based structural damage identification , 2001, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[9]  S. Hurlebaus,et al.  Smart structure dynamics , 2006 .

[10]  Piotr Omenzetter,et al.  Assessment of highway bridge upgrading by dynamic testing and finite element model updating , 2003 .

[11]  Keith Hjelmstad,et al.  STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION AND ASSESSMENT FROM MODAL RESPONSE , 2003 .

[12]  Arun Kumar Pandey,et al.  Damage detection from changes in curvature mode shapes , 1991 .

[13]  Glauco Feltrin,et al.  Damage Identification Using Modal Data: Experiences on a Prestressed Concrete Bridge , 2005 .

[14]  Bruce R. Ellingwood,et al.  Stochastic fatigue crack growth in steel structures subjected to random loading , 1998 .

[15]  김무한,et al.  고강도 콘크리트의 공학적 특성에 미치는 단위시멘트 양의 영향에 관한 기초적 연구 ( A Fundamental Study on the Influence of Cement Content to Engineering Properties of High Strength Concrete ) , 1988 .

[16]  Kevin R. Mackie,et al.  Seismic Demands for Performance-Based Design of Bridges , 2003 .

[17]  Dimitrios Vamvatsikos,et al.  Incremental dynamic analysis , 2002 .

[18]  K. Hjelmstad,et al.  Parameter Estimation of Structures from Static Response. I. Computational Aspects , 1994 .

[19]  Colin H. J. Fox,et al.  The location of defects in structures - A comparison of the use of natural frequency and mode shape data , 1992 .

[20]  Peter Green,et al.  Markov chain Monte Carlo in Practice , 1996 .

[21]  Stefan Hurlebaus,et al.  Predicting Concrete Compressive Strength Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Rebound Number , 2011 .

[22]  Anil K. Chopra,et al.  Evaluation of Modal and FEMA Pushover Analyses: SAC Buildings , 2004 .

[23]  Reginald DesRoches,et al.  Retrofitted Bridge Fragility Analysis for Typical Classes of Multispan Bridges , 2009 .

[24]  Armen Der Kiureghian,et al.  PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC DEMAND MODELS AND FRAGILITY ESTIMATES FOR RC BRIDGES , 2003 .

[25]  H. Akaike.  A new look at the statistical model identification , 1974 .

[26]  Sanghyun Choi,et al.  Modal Property Changes of a Seismically Damaged Concrete Bridge , 2005 .

[27]  K. Law,et al.  Time series-based damage detection and localization algorithm with application to the ASCE benchmark structure , 2006 .

[28]  R. Dennis Cook,et al.  Graphics for Assessing the Adequacy of Regression Models , 1997 .

[29]  Paolo Gardoni,et al.  Probabilistic Demand Models and Fragility Curves for Reinforced Concrete Frames , 2006 .

[30]  Sinan Akkar,et al.  Assessment of Improved Nonlinear Static Procedures in FEMA-440 , 2007 .

[31]  Rakesh K. Goel,et al.  Evaluation of Current Nonlinear Static Procedures Using Strong Motion Records , 2007 .

[32]  Luciana R. Barroso,et al.  Damage Detection Utilizing the Damage Index Method to a Benchmark Structure , 2004 .

[33]  Keith D. Hjelmstad,et al.  Damage detection and assessment of structures from static response , 1997 .

[34]  김무한,et al.  콘크리트의 기계적인 물성에 미치는 양생조건의 영향에 관한 연구 ( A Study on the Effect of Curing Condition on Mechanical Properties of Concrete ) , 1986 .

[35]  Norris Stubbs,et al.  Field Verification of the Damage Index Method in a Concrete Box‐Girder Bridge via Visual Inspection , 2001 .

[36]  Gregory L. Fenves,et al.  An object-oriented software design for parallel structural analysis , 2000 .

[37]  Santiago Pujol,et al.  Drift Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Cyclic Shear Reversals , 1999, SP-187: Seismic Response of Concrete Bridges.

[38]  Maria Q. Feng,et al.  Baseline Models for Bridge Performance Monitoring , 2004 .

[39]  Hong Hao,et al.  Damage identification of structures with uncertain frequency and mode shape data , 2002 .

[40]  John W. van de Lindt,et al.  Earthquake Duration Effect on Structural Reliability , 2004 .

[41]  Ashutosh Bagchi,et al.  Performance of Vibration-based Techniques for the Identification of Structural Damage , 2006 .

[42]  Sashi K. Kunnath,et al.  Adaptive Modal Combination Procedure for Nonlinear Static Analysis of Building Structures , 2006 .

[43]  Carlos E. Ventura,et al.  Damping estimation by frequency domain decomposition , 2001 .

[44]  P. Fajfar,et al.  A Nonlinear Analysis Method for Performance Based Seismic Design , 2001 .

[45]  A. Emin Aktan,et al.  Use of Modal Flexibility for Damage Detection and Condition Assessment: Case Studies and Demonstrations on Large Structures , 2006 .

[46]  Clifford M. Hurvich,et al.  Regression and time series model selection in small samples , 1989 .

[47]  Joseph P. Nicoletti,et al.  Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges , 1996 .

[48]  Sankaran Mahadevan,et al.  Model uncertainty and Bayesian updating in reliability-based inspection , 2000 .

[49]  Sanghyun Choi,et al.  Periodic monitoring of physical property changes in a concrete box-girder bridge , 2004 .

[50]  Heikki Haario,et al.  DRAM: Efficient adaptive MCMC , 2006, Stat. Comput..

[51]  김무한,et al.  유동화 콘크리트의 유동화 성능 및 공학적 특성에 관한 구조적 실험(II) - 제2보,경화콘크리트의 공학적 특성을 중심으로 ( An Experimental Study on the Fluidity Performance and Engineering Properties in Concrete Structures ) , 1991 .

[52]  Helmut Krawinkler,et al.  Seismic drift and ductility demands and their dependence on ground motions , 2003 .

[53]  Jack W. Baker,et al.  VECTOR-VALUED INTENSITY MEASURES FOR PULSE-LIKE NEAR-FAULT GROUND MOTIONS , 2008 .

[54]  Wei-Xin Ren,et al.  Structural Finite Element Model Updating Using Ambient Vibration Test Results , 2005 .

[55]  Paolo Gardoni,et al.  Closed-Form Fragility Estimates, Parameter Sensitivity, and Bayesian Updating for RC Columns , 2007 .

[56]  Michael P. Enright,et al.  Probabilistic analysis of resistance degradation of reinforced concrete bridge beams under corrosion , 1998 .

[57]  Peter C. Chang,et al.  Recent Research in Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Infrastructures , 2003 .

[58]  H. Krawinkler,et al.  Seismic design based on ductility and cumulative damage demands and capacities , 1992 .

[59]  S. S. Law,et al.  Innovative Bridge Condition Assessment from Dynamic Response of a Passing Vehicle , 2006 .

[60]  Dan M. Frangopol,et al.  RELIABILITY-BASED LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES , 2001 .

[61]  Dimitrios Vamvatsikos,et al.  DIRECT ESTIMATION OF THE SEISMIC DEMAND AND CAPACITY OF MDOF SYSTEMS THROUGH INCREMENTAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AN SDOF APPROXIMATION , 2005 .

[62]  J. Beck,et al.  Updating Models and Their Uncertainties. I: Bayesian Statistical Framework , 1998 .

[63]  J. Mander,et al.  Seismic Fragility Curve Theory for Highway Bridges , 1999 .

[64]  Amador Teran-Gilmore,et al.  Cumulative Ductility Spectra for Seismic Design of Ductile Structures Subjected to Long Duration Motions: Concept and Theoretical Background , 2008 .

[65]  Charles R. Farrar,et al.  A summary review of vibration-based damage identification methods , 1998 .

[66]  N. Abrahamson,et al.  Empirical Response Spectral Attenuation Relations for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes , 1997 .

[67]  Paolo Gardoni,et al.  Effect of cumulative seismic damage and corrosion on the life‐cycle cost of reinforced concrete bridges , 2009 .

[68]  Robert Gould,et al.  A Modern Approach to Regression with R , 2010 .

[69]  Nicos Makris,et al.  Seismic response analysis of highway overcrossings including soil–structure interaction , 2002 .

[70]  Achintya Haldar,et al.  Fatigue‐Reliability Updating through Inspections of Steel Bridges , 1994 .

[71]  C. Allin Cornell,et al.  Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures , 1999 .

[72]  Charles R. Farrar,et al.  Application of the strain energy damage detection method to plate-like structures , 1999 .

[73]  John E. Mottershead,et al.  Finite Element Model Updating in Structural Dynamics , 1995 .

[74]  William G. Byers,et al.  FATIGUE RELIABILITY REASSESSMENT PROCEDURES: STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER , 1997 .

[75]  Costas Papadimitriou,et al.  Updating robust reliability using structural test data , 2001 .

[76]  Charles R. Farrar,et al.  Estimation of Statistical Distributions for Modal Parameters Identified From Averaged Frequency Response Function Data , 2001 .

[77]  Kevin R. Mackie,et al.  BRIDGE ABUTMENT MODEL SENSITIVITY FOR PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC DEMAND EVALUATION , 2002 .

[78]  J. Bray,et al.  Characterization of forward-directivity ground motions in the near-fault region , 2004 .

[79]  B. Efron.  The jackknife, the bootstrap, and other resampling plans , 1987 .

[80]  Stefan Hurlebaus,et al.  Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models and Fragility Estimates for Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridges with One Single-Column Bent , 2010 .

[81]  John C. Wilson,et al.  Bridge Abutments: Formulation of Simple Model for Earthquake Response Analysis , 1990 .

[82]  한천구,et al.  시멘트 및 골재의 품질이 고강도 콘크리트의 특성에 미치는 영향(제1보) - 제2보 : 굵은골재의 강도 및 최대치수의 영향 ( The Influence of the Properties of High Strength Concrete with the Qualities of Cement and Aggregates ) , 1994 .

[83]  Chan Ghee Koh,et al.  PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF LARGE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN TIME DOMAIN , 2000 .

[84]  Martin S. Williams,et al.  Seismic assessment of concrete bridges using inelastic damage analysis , 1997 .

[85]  Sashi K. Kunnath,et al.  EVALUATION OF SEISMIC DEFORMATION DEMANDS USING NON-LINEAR PROCEDURES IN MULTISTORY STEEL AND CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES , 2004 .

[86]  Robert E. Melchers,et al.  Effect of reinforcement corrosion on reliability of highway bridges , 1998 .

[87]  Stefan Hurlebaus,et al.  Probabilistic Capacity Models and Fragility Estimates for Reinforced Concrete Columns Incorporating NDT Data , 2009 .

[88]  Hoon Sohn,et al.  A Bayesian Probabilistic Approach for Structure Damage Detection , 1997 .

[89]  John Geweke,et al.  Evaluating the accuracy of sampling-based approaches to the calculation of posterior moments , 1991 .

[90]  Norris Stubbs,et al.  Damage Localization in Structures Without Baseline Modal Parameters , 1996 .

[91]  Jack P. Moehle,et al.  A framework methodology for performance-based earthquake engineering , 2004 .

[92]  Achintya Haldar,et al.  Health Assessment at Local Level with Unknown Input Excitation , 2005 .

[93]  Dan M. Frangopol,et al.  Updating Bridge Reliability Based on Bridge Management Systems Visual Inspection Results , 2003 .

[94]  K. Hjelmstad,et al.  Parameter Estimation of Structures from Static Response. II: Numerical Simulation Studies , 1994 .

[95]  Bruce R. Ellingwood,et al.  Role of non-destructive evaluation in time-dependent reliability analysis , 1998 .

[96]  Timothy W. Simpson,et al.  Sampling Strategies for Computer Experiments: Design and Analysis , 2001 .

[97]  Jinquan Zhong,et al.  Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models and Fragility Estimates for Reinforced Concrete Bridges with Two-Column Bents , 2008 .

[98]  Jeong‐Tae Kim,et al.  Improved damage identification method based on modal information , 2002 .

[99]  Christian Cremona,et al.  Assessment of vibration-based damage identification techniques , 2006 .

[100]  Norris Stubbs,et al.  Documentation of Changes in Modal Properties of a Concrete Box‐Girder Bridge Due to Environmental and Internal Conditions , 2001 .

[101]  Stefan Hurlebaus,et al.  A probabilistic damage detection approach using vibration-based nondestructive testing , 2012 .

[102]  Udo Peil,et al.  Life Cycle Prediction of Steel Structures via Monitoring and Testing in Parallel , 2001 .

[103]  John B. Mander,et al.  Influence of transverse reinforcement on elastic shear stiffness of cracked concrete elements , 2007 .

[104]  Ephrahim Garcia,et al.  Structural Damage Identification: A Probabilistic Approach , 1998 .

[105]  G. C. Tiao,et al.  Bayesian inference in statistical analysis , 1973 .

[106]  김무한,et al.  플라이애쉬를 혼입한 콘크리트의 시공성 및 공학적 특성에 관한 실험적 연구 - 제1보, 아직 굳지않은 콘크리트의 성상을 중심으로 ( An Experimental Study on the Workability and Engineering Properties of Concrete Mixed Fly ash ) , 1992 .

[107]  Khalid M. Mosalam,et al.  Statistical significance of modal parameters of bridge systems identified from strong motion data , 2005 .

[108]  Norris Stubbs,et al.  A new method to extract modal parameters using output-only responses , 2005 .

[109]  Norris Stubbs,et al.  NON-DESTRUCTIVE ESTIMATE OF THE RATE OF CHANGE OF STRUCTURAL DEGRADATION OF THE LAVIC ROAD OVERCROSSING , 1999 .

[110]  Achintya Haldar,et al.  Element-level system identification with unknown input , 1994 .

[111]  B. Peeters,et al.  Stochastic System Identification for Operational Modal Analysis: A Review , 2001 .

[112]  S. Chib,et al.  Understanding the Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm , 1995 .

[113]  A. G. Brady,et al.  A STUDY ON THE DURATION OF STRONG EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION , 1975 .

[114]  Peter Fajfar,et al.  THE N2 METHOD FOR THE SEISMIC DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDINGS , 1996 .

[115]  J. M. Ko,et al.  Damage Detection in Steel Framed Structures by Vibration Measurement Approach , 2001 .

[116]  D. Cox,et al.  An Analysis of Transformations , 1964 .

[117]  A. Mira.  On Metropolis-Hastings algorithms with delayed rejection , 2001 .

[118]  G. Schwarz.  Estimating the Dimension of a Model , 1978 .

[119]  Terje Haukaas,et al.  Model Uncertainty in Finite-Element Analysis: Bayesian Finite Elements , 2011 .

[120]  N. Metropolis,et al.  Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines , 1953, Resonance.

[121]  Armen Der Kiureghian,et al.  Probabilistic Capacity Models and Fragility Estimates for Reinforced Concrete Columns based on Experimental Observations , 2002 .

[122]  Dale Borowiak,et al.  Linear Models, Least Squares and Alternatives , 2001, Technometrics.

[123]  Guido De Roeck,et al.  Damage assessment by FE model updating using damage functions , 2002 .

[124]  Claus-Peter Fritzen,et al.  Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring – Concepts and Applications , 2005 .

[125]  Terje Haukaas,et al.  Probabilistic capacity models and seismic fragility estimates for RC columns subject to corrosion , 2008, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..