Computational Absorbing Boundaries

The subject of this chapter is the treatment of artificial boundaries in wave problems. Artificial boundaries are introduced when the problem under study is associated with an unbounded medium, yet one is interested (or is forced) to solve the problem in a finite computational domain. In this context the artificial boundaries are often called absorbing boundaries, for reasons that will be explained. After discussing the difficulties involved, the major milestones that have been set in the development of absorbing boundaries are surveyed. These include the classical absorbing boundary conditions, exact nonlocal conditions, absorbing layers, perfectly matched layers and high–order local boundary conditions. Infinite elements and boundary element methods are also mentioned. Examples from previous publications are given.

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