Synthese und Funktionalisierung von Indolen mit Übergangsmetallreagentien

Die Problematik der Anwendung von Ubergangsmetallreagentien bei der Synthese komplizierter organischer Verbindungen wird schon jahrzehntelang bearbeitet, und viele ausergewohnliche organische Reaktionen konnten bereits auf diese Weise realisiert werden. Dennoch haben die Organiker diese Chemie nur sehr zogernd akzeptiert; erst in letzter Zeit beginnen die Ubergangsmetallkomplexe einen angemessenen Platz unter den Werkzeugen der organischen Synthese einzunehmen. Die anfangliche Abneigung der synthetisch arbeitenden Organiker gegenuber Organometallreagentien geht auf mehrere Faktoren zuruck. Zum einen waren metallorganische Prozesse fur Organiker aufgrund fehlenden Wissens und mangelnder Erfahrung im Umgang mit d-Elektronen enthaltenden Elementen haufig etwas Mysterioses und Unvorhersehbares, zum anderen haben sich die Metallorganiker dadurch keinen Dienst erwiesen, das sie ihre neuesten Fortschritte als nutzliche synthetische Methoden anpriesen, die Untersuchungen jedoch auf sehr einfache organische Systeme ohne ernstzunehmende Funktionalitat beschrankten. (Im Englischen last sich dies treffend als „methyl, ethyl, butyl, futile syndrome” beschreiben.) Glucklicherweise haben sich die Dinge geandert. So befassen sich die Metallorganiker inzwischen mit komplizierteren Systemen, und die jungere Generation der Organiker profitiert bereits davon, das sie wahrend des Studiums auch mit Ubergangsmetallen und deren Chemie Bekanntschaft gemacht hat. Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Verwendung von Ubergangsmetallen bei der Synthese von Indolen, was heute auf diesem Gebiet moglich ist.

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