THE WALKING STRAIGHT MOBILE APPLICATION: HELPING THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED AVOID VEERING

The visually impaired community still faces many challenges with safely navigating their environment. They rely heavily on speechbased GPS in addition to their usual guiding help. However, GPSbased systems do not help with veering issues, which affect the ability of the visually impaired to maintain a straight path. Some research systems provide feedback intended to correct veering, but these tend to employ bulky, custom hardware. In response, we implemented our “Walking Straight” application on an existing consumer device, taking advantage of the built-in sensors on smartphones. First, we investigated whether a continuous or discrete form of non-speech audio feedback was more effective in keeping participants on a straight path. The most effective form was then tested with nine blind participants. The promising results demonstrate that Walking Straight significantly reduced the participants’ deviationfrom astraight pathascompared totheir usual behaviour, e.g., with a guide dog or cane, without affecting their pace.

[1]  Roberta L. Klatzky,et al.  Nonvisual Route following with Guidance from a Simple Haptic or Auditory Display , 2007 .

[2]  Dragan Ahmetovic,et al.  Zebralocalizer: identification and localization of pedestrian crossings , 2011, Mobile HCI.

[3]  David Guth,et al.  Why Does Training Reduce Blind Pedestrians ’ Veering ? , 2006 .

[4]  David A. Ross,et al.  Wearable interfaces for orientation and wayfinding , 2000, Assets '00.

[5]  Carlo Maria Medaglia,et al.  SeSaMoNet 2.0: Improving a Navigation System for Visually Impaired People , 2010, AmI.

[6]  V Ivanchenko,et al.  Staying in the Crosswalk: A System for Guiding Visually Impaired Pedestrians at Traffic Intersections. , 2009, Assistive technology research series.

[7]  Roberta L. Klatzky,et al.  Stated Preferences for Components of a Personal Guidance System for Nonvisual Navigation , 2004 .

[8]  M. Ernst,et al.  Walking Straight into Circles , 2009, Current Biology.

[9]  Tomohiro Amemiya,et al.  Orienting Kinesthetically: A Haptic Handheld Wayfinder for People with Visual Impairments , 2010, TACC.

[10]  Koji Tsukada,et al.  ActiveBelt: Belt-Type Wearable Tactile Display for Directional Navigation , 2004, UbiComp.

[11]  Hendrik A. H. C. van Veen,et al.  Waypoint navigation with a vibrotactile waist belt , 2005, TAP.

[12]  Nikolaos G. Bourbakis,et al.  Wearable Obstacle Avoidance Electronic Travel Aids for Blind: A Survey , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[13]  James R. Marston,et al.  Personal Guidance System for People with Visual Impairment: A Comparison of Spatial Displays for Route Guidance , 2005, Journal of visual impairment & blindness.

[14]  Roberta L. Klatzky,et al.  A Geographical Information System for a GPS Based Personal Guidance System , 1998, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[15]  Tadayoshi Shioyama Computer Vision Based Travel Aid for the Blind Crossing Roads , 2006, ACIVS.

[16]  Jeremy R. Cooperstock,et al.  Smartphone Sensor Reliability for Augmented Reality Applications , 2012, MobiQuitous.

[17]  Huiying Shen,et al.  A mobile phone system to find crosswalks for visually impaired pedestrians. , 2008, Technology and disability.

[18]  Jeremy R. Cooperstock,et al.  What's around Me? Spatialized Audio Augmented Reality for Blind Users with a Smartphone , 2011, MobiQuitous.