Biosensor recognition elements.

Abstract : Molecular recognition is central to biosensing. Since the first biosensor was developed by Updike and Hicks (1967) many biosensors have been studied and developed. As shown in Fig. 1, a biosensor can be defined as a "compact analytical device or unit incorporating a biological or biologically derived sensitive "recognition" element integrated or associated with a physio-chemical transducer" (Turner, 2000). Initially, biosensor recognition elements were isolated from living systems. However many biosensor recognition elements now available are not naturally occurring but have been synthesized in the laboratory.

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