The Development of Organization in an Ant Colony

Societies achieve things that no indi? vidual could accomplish. Human societies govern cities, erect buildings and wage war. These tasks are accom? plished through a chain of command in a hierarchical organization. But not all societies accomplish their goals in this manner. One notable exception is an ant colony. On its own small scale, an ant colony accomplishes many tasks comparable to those in larger human societies: Nests are protected, chambers and tun? nels are excavated, and territories are defended. Each task is accomplished without any individual directing an? other; not even the queen of the colony does this. Yet all of these tasks must be