The composition of reducing sugars in solution

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the composition of reducing sugars in solution. Reducing sugars differ from most other organic compounds in one characteristic property. When a pure organic compound that is not a reducing sugar is dissolved in a solvent, it is certain that the solution will usually contain only one compound; but when a reducing sugar, above an aldotetrose or a 2-pentulose, is dissolved in water, a solution is obtained that always contains at least six compounds: two pyranoses, two furanoses, and an acyclic (open-chain) carbonyl form and its hydrate. There are also minute proportions of septanoses and dimers. Very few of these many compounds that are present in the equilibrium solutions of sugars have ever been isolated. The only method for separating them from the equilibrium mixture is by crystallization and that depends on the fortuitous presence of seed crystals. The chapter details about the pyranose form, the furanose form, and the septanose form. It also discusses the composition of aldoses, ketoses, and substituted and derived sugars in aqueous solution.

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