Intrinsic Motivation and instruction: conflicting Views on the Role of Motivational Processes in Computer-Based Education

Microcomputers offer unique opportunities for systematic variations in the presentation of educational materials and for research concerning the social, motivational, and academic consequences of these different variations. This paper explores one set of theoretical controversies and policy debates that has been stimulated by this new technology for instruction. It is argued that conflicting views concerning the role of intrinsic motivational processes in instruction underlie differences of opinion concerning the relative costs and benefits of instructional games and discovery-learning environments, the expected impact of different styles of teaching, and the merits of alternative strategies for the design of detailed tutorial interactions.

[1]  B. Skinner,et al.  Science and human behavior , 1953 .

[2]  J. Bruner.  The act of discovery. , 1961 .

[3]  J. Holt.  How Children Fail , 1964 .

[4]  P. E. Vernon,et al.  The Handbook of Research on Teaching , 1962 .

[5]  J. Bruner.  Toward a Theory of Instruction , 1966 .

[6]  P. Suppes.  The Uses of Computers in Education. , 1966 .

[7]  H. Simon,et al.  Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. , 1967, Psychological review.

[8]  O. K. Moore,et al.  Some Principles for the Design of Clarifying Educational Environments. Preprint 32. , 1969 .

[9]  P. Jackson.  Life in Classrooms , 1968 .

[10]  E. Keislar,et al.  Learning by discovery : a critical appraisal , 1969 .

[11]  Charles E. Silberman,et al.  Crisis in the Classroom , 1970 .

[12]  Seymour Papert,et al.  Teaching Children to be Mathematicians vs. Teaching About Mathematics. Artificial Intelligence Memo Number 249. , 1971 .

[13]  Richard C. Atkinson,et al.  Ingredients for a theory of instruction. , 1972 .

[14]  James G. Greeno,et al.  Acquiring Cognitive Structure by Discovery and Rule Learning. , 1973 .

[15]  Richard C. Atkinson.  Teaching Children to Read Using a Computer. , 1974 .

[16]  C. L. Hull.  A behavior system: An introduction to behavior theory concerning the individual organism , 1974 .

[17]  C. Dweck.  The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness. , 1975 .

[18]  Edward L. Deci,et al.  The hidden costs of rewards , 1976 .

[19]  C. Evertson,et al.  Learning from Teaching: A Developmental Perspective , 1976 .

[20]  Esther R. Steinberg,et al.  Review of Student Control in Computer-Assisted Instruction , 1977 .

[21]  J. Condry.  Enemies of exploration: Self-initiated versus other-initiated learning. , 1977 .

[22]  S. Harter.  Effectance Motivation Reconsidered. Toward a Developmental Model , 1978 .

[23]  K. Spence.  Behavior Theory and Conditioning , 1978 .

[24]  John Seely Brown,et al.  An Investigation of Computer Coaching for Informal Learning Activities. , 1978 .

[25]  Patrick Suppes,et al.  Toward optimal allocation of instructional resources: Dividing computer-assisted instruction time among students , 1979 .

[26]  G. Salomon.  Interaction of media, cognition and learning , 1979 .

[27]  B. Weiner,et al.  A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. , 1979, Journal of educational psychology.

[28]  Norman Chonacky,et al.  Computer in the School: Tutor, Tool, Tutee , 1980 .

[29]  E. Deci.  The Psychology of Self-Determination , 1980 .

[30]  Robert W. Lawler,et al.  The progressive construction of mind , 1981 .

[31]  Sharon Dugdale.  Green Globs: A Microcomputer Application for Graphing of Equations. , 1981 .

[32]  Edward L. Deci,et al.  An Instrument to Assess Adults' Orientations toward Control versus Autonomy with Children: Reflections on Intrinsic Motivation and Perceived Competence. , 1981 .

[33]  Thomas W. Malone,et al.  Toward a Theory of Intrinsically Motivating Instruction , 1981, Cogn. Sci..

[34]  Joseph Psotka.  Computers and education , 1982 .

[35]  E. Deci,et al.  Effects of Performance Standards on Teaching Styles: Behavior of Controlling Teachers , 1982 .

[36]  Alan M. Lesgold,et al.  Computer games for the teaching of reading , 1982 .

[37]  E. Mandinach,et al.  The role of cognitive engagement in classroom learning and motivation , 1983 .

[38]  David H. Ahl.  School Uses of Microcomputers. , 1983 .

[39]  John Condry,et al.  Educational and Recreational Uses of Computer Technology , 1983 .

[40]  G. Salomon.  The differential investment of mental effort in learning from different sources , 1983 .

[41]  Decker F. Walker,et al.  Reflections on the Educational Potential and Limitations of Microcomputers. , 1983 .

[42]  Robert D. Tennyson,et al.  The Minnesota adaptive instructional system: An Intelligent CBI system , 1984 .

[43]  M. Lepper.  Microcomputers in education: Motivational and social issues. , 1985 .

[44]  Betty Collis.  Reflections on Inequities in Computer Education: Do the Rich Get Richer? , 1985 .

[45]  Dean L. Christensen,et al.  Adaptive Control of Learning Time and Content Sequence in Concept Learning Using Computer-Based Instruction. , 1985 .

[46]  Alfred Bork,et al.  Personal computers for education , 1985 .

[47]  John Seely Brown,et al.  Process versus Product: A Perspective on Tools for Communal and Informal Electronic Learning , 1985 .