Increasing the availability of cellulose in biomass materials

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses different types of pretreatment for increasing the availability of cellulose in biomass materials into physical, chemical, and biological methods. Most chemical methods are active against the two major deterrents to cellulase hydrolysis, cellulose crystallinity and the lignin barrier. Lignin has been shown to restrict enzymatic and microbial access to the cellulose while crystallinity restricts both the rate and completeness of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose. The chapter discusses biological pretreatment of wood that is primarily concerned with the use of fungi and bacteria that can attack lignin and hemicellulose. In general, soft and brown rot fungi degrade cellulose and hemicellulose in preference to lignin while white rot fungi can remove all three components at the same time or remove the lignin preferentially. An efficient pretreatment method is one that will allow the easy access of the cellulases to their substrate and enhance the complete solubilization of polymer to monomer sugars.

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