Business Creation in the United States: Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II Initial Assessment

PSED II began in 2005 with the selection of a cohort of 1,214 nascent entrepreneurs chosen from a representative sample of 31,845 adults. The first 12 month follow-up interviews were completed with 80% of the original cohort. The project is designed to replicate, with appropriate methodological improvements, PSED I. The PSED provides a unique, unprecedented description of the initial stages of the entrepreneurial process. The results suggest that prior experience and an appropriate strategy are critical for completing a new firm birth; personal attributes, motivations, and contexts seem to have minimal effect. The PSED findings have substantial implications for policy makers who wish to improve the capacity of the US entrepreneurial sector to confront global competitive threats with a steady flow of new and innovative firms.

[1]  P. Reynolds Entrepreneurship in the United States: The Future Is Now , 2010 .

[2]  Paul D. Reynolds,et al.  Screening item effects in estimating the prevalence of nascent entrepreneurs , 2009 .

[3]  M. Meeks,et al.  Antecedents to the Entrepreneurial Decision: An Empirical Analysis of Three Predictive Models , 2009 .

[4]  Linda F. Edelman,et al.  Properties of emerging organizations: An empirical test , 2008 .

[5]  Linda F. Edelman,et al.  The Effects of Initial Location, Aspirations, and Resources on Likelihood of First Sale in Nascent Firms* , 2008 .

[6]  Linda F. Edelman,et al.  Entrepreneurship Education: Correspondence Between Practices of Nascent Entrepreneurs and Textbook Prescriptions for Success , 2008 .

[7]  Kelly G. Shaver,et al.  Deciding on an Entrepreneurial Career: A Test of the Pull and Push Hypotheses Using the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics Data 1 , 2007 .

[8]  Mark J. Roberts,et al.  Understanding Business Dynamics: An Integrated Data System for America's Future , 2007 .

[9]  A. Davis More (or less) than the sums of their parts? *Status, teams, and entrepreneurial outcomes , 2007 .

[10]  Jill R. Kickul,et al.  Expert Capital and Perceived Legitimacy , 2007 .

[11]  Hongwei Xu,et al.  Boundary Formation in Emergent Organizations , 2007 .

[12]  W. Gartner,et al.  Complexity dynamics of nascent entrepreneurship , 2007 .

[13]  Y. Gasse,et al.  FROM BECOMING TO BEING: MEASURING FIRM CREATION , 2007 .

[14]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  A Life Course Perspective on Occupational Inheritance: Self-employed Parents and their Children , 2007 .

[15]  Paul D. Reynolds,et al.  NEW FIRM CREATION IN THE UNITED STATES , 2007 .

[16]  Gavin Cassar,et al.  Money, money, money? A longitudinal investigation of entrepreneur career reasons, growth preferences and achieved growth , 2007 .

[17]  S. Terjesen,et al.  Birds of a Feather Get Lost Together? Homogeneity and New Venture Persistence and Performance , 2007 .

[18]  Chetan Ghate Discussion Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Effect of Region and Time on New Business Survival – A Multi-Dimensional Analysis , 2007 .

[19]  Carl J. Schramm,et al.  The Entrepreneurial Imperative: How America's Economic Miracle Will Reshape the World (and Change Your Life) , 2006 .

[20]  F. H. Wijbenga,et al.  Nascent Entrepreneurship Research: Achievements and Opportunities , 2006 .

[21]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  Access (Not) Denied: The Impact of Financial, Human, and Cultural Capital on Entrepreneurial Entryin the United States , 2006 .

[22]  Jianwen Liao,et al.  The Effects of Pre-venture Plan Timing and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty on the Persistence of Emerging Firms , 2006 .

[23]  Phillip H. Kim Organizing activities and founding processes of new ventures , 2006 .

[24]  Simon C. Parker,et al.  What Happens to Nascent Entrepreneurs? An Econometric Analysis of the PSED , 2006 .

[25]  Gavin Cassar Entrepreneur Opportunity Costs and Intended Venture Growth , 2006 .

[26]  R. Fairlie Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, National Report 1996-2005 , 2006 .

[27]  Scott Shane,et al.  Multistage Selection and the Financing of New Ventures , 2006, Manag. Sci..

[28]  Magnus Henrekson Institutional Determinants of the Prevalence of Start-ups and High-Growth Firms: Evidence from Sweden * , 2006 .

[29]  Jurgita Baltrušaitytė-Axelson Opportunity recognition process, new business start-up motivators and outcomes: The real options approach. , 2006 .

[30]  P. Jansen,et al.  Autonomy as a start-up motive , 2006 .

[31]  P. Reynolds,et al.  New Firm Creation in the United States: A PSED I Overview , 2006 .

[32]  Gerald E. Hills,et al.  Opportunity Recognition: Examining How Search Formality and Search Processes Relate to the Reasons for Pursuing Entrepreneurship , 2006 .

[33]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  Teams that Work Together, Stay Together: Resiliency of Entrepreneurial Teams , 2006 .

[34]  Per Davidsson,et al.  Nascent entrepreneurship: empirical studies and developments , 2005 .

[35]  Gaylen N. Chandler,et al.  Antecedents, Moderators, and Performance Consequences of Membership Change in New Venture Teams , 2005 .

[36]  Jianwen Liao,et al.  Venture gestation paths of nascent entrepreneurs: Exploring the temporal patterns , 2005 .

[37]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  Social Capital and Entrepreneurship , 2005 .

[38]  P. Davidsson Paul D. Reynolds: Entrepreneurship Research Innovator, Coordinator, and Disseminator , 2005 .

[39]  N. Bosma,et al.  Success and Risk Factors in the Pre-Startup Phase , 2005 .

[40]  E. Autio,et al.  Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Data Collection Design and Implementation 1998–2003 , 2005 .

[41]  Scott L. Newbert New Firm Formation: A Dynamic Capability Perspective , 2005 .

[42]  Leyland M. Lucas,et al.  Not Just Domestic Engineers: An Exploratory Study of Homemaker Entrepreneurs , 2005 .

[43]  B. Honig,et al.  Representation and realization: A theoretical perspective on entrepreneurship , 2005 .

[44]  Mark T Schenkel New Enterprise Opportunity Recognition: Toward a Theory of Entrepreneurial Dynamism , 2005 .

[45]  P. Davidsson,et al.  Learning strategies of nascent entrepreneurs , 2005 .

[46]  Steve Hunt,et al.  Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Data Collection Design and Implementation , 2005 .

[47]  Martin Ruef,et al.  Fruits of Co-Laboring: Effects of Entrepreneurial Team Stability on the Organizational Founding Process , 2005 .

[48]  Mark T. Schenkel,et al.  The Search for and Discovery of Different Types of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Effects of Tacitness and Codification , 2005 .

[49]  Attila Varga,et al.  Entrepreneurship, Agglomeration and Technological Change , 2005 .

[50]  Scott Shane,et al.  Planning for the market: Business planning before marketing and the continuation of organizing efforts , 2004 .

[51]  Martin Ruef,et al.  The myth of the risk-tolerant entrepreneur , 2004 .

[52]  Z. Ács,et al.  Employment Growth and Entrepreneurial Activity in Cities , 2004 .

[53]  Paul D. Reynolds,et al.  The Prevalence of Nascent Entrepreneurs in the United States: Evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics , 2004 .

[54]  W. Wiatrowski Medical and Retirement Plan Coverage: Exploring the Decline in Recent Years: The Percent of Workers with Employer-Provided Medical Care and Retirement Benefits Declined over the Past Decade; a Variety of Potential Explanations Are Explored , 2004 .

[55]  S. Shane,et al.  Legitimating first: organizing activities and the survival of new ventures , 2004 .

[56]  B. Honig,et al.  Institutional forces and the written business plan , 2004 .

[57]  Mikael Samuelsson,et al.  Creating new ventures : A longitudinal investigation of the nascent venturing process , 2004 .

[58]  William B. Gartner,et al.  Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Process of Business Creation , 2004 .

[59]  P. Murphy A logic for entrepreneurial discovery. , 2004 .

[60]  P. Davidsson Method Issues in the Study of Venture Start-up Processes , 2005 .

[61]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  The Structure of Founding Teams: Homophily, Strong Ties, and Isolation among U.S. Entrepreneurs , 2003, American Sociological Review.

[62]  S. Shane,et al.  Does business planning facilitate the development of new ventures , 2003 .

[63]  N. Carter,et al.  Minority Entrepreneurship: Trends and Explanations , 2003 .

[64]  P. Davidsson,et al.  The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs , 2000 .

[65]  Jianwen Liao,et al.  Social capital and entrepreneurial growth aspiration: a comparison of technology- and non-technology-based nascent entrepreneurs ☆ , 2003 .

[66]  Jianwen Liao,et al.  Exploring the Venture Creation Process: Evidences from Tech and Non-Tech Nascent Entrepreneurs , 2003 .

[67]  Does the Order of Organizing Activities Matter for New Venture Performance , 2003 .

[68]  Nancy M. Carter,et al.  The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs , 2003 .

[69]  B. Honig,et al.  The Institutional Context Of Business Planning For Nascent Organizations In Two Countries , 2003 .

[70]  M. Lerner,et al.  Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research , 2003 .

[71]  P. Reynolds Entrepreneurship over Time: Measures of Activity and Recent Changes in the US: 1993-2002 , 2003 .

[72]  Phillip H. Kim,et al.  If I Were Rich? The Impact of Financial and Human Capital on Becoming a Nascent Entrepreneur , 2003 .

[73]  W. Gartner,et al.  THE CAREER REASONS OF MINORITY NASCENT ENTREPRENEURS. , 2002 .

[74]  Magnus Henrekson,et al.  Determinants of the Prevalance of Start-ups and High-Growth Firms , 2002 .

[75]  M. Stouder The Capital Structure Decisions of Nascent Entrepreneurs , 2002 .

[76]  S. Shane,et al.  What Firm Founders Do: A Longitudinal Study of the Start-Up Process , 2002 .

[77]  L. Keister,et al.  Is there a Wealth Effect? Financial and Human Capital as Determinants of Business Startups , 2002 .

[78]  Jianwen Liao,et al.  The Temporal Patterns of Venture Creation Process: An Exploratory Study , 2002 .

[79]  Laura Galloway,et al.  Global Entrepreneurship Monitor , 2002 .

[80]  Kelly G. Shaver,et al.  Attributions about Entrepreneurship: A Framework and Process for Analyzing Reasons for Starting a Business , 2001 .

[81]  Benson Honig,et al.  Learning Strategies and Resources for Entrepreneurs and Intrapreneurs , 2001 .

[82]  M. Ford,et al.  The Context of New Venture Initiation: Comparing Growth Expectations of Nascent Entrepreneurs and Intrapreneurs , 2001 .

[83]  F. Welter Who wants to grow? : Growth Intentions and Growth Profiles of (Nascent) Entrepreneurs in Germany , 2001 .

[84]  Mikael Samuelsson,et al.  Modeling the Nascent Venture Opportunity Exploitation Process Across Time , 2001 .

[85]  Paul D. Reynolds,et al.  National panel study of U.S. business startups: Background and methodology , 2001 .

[86]  N. Bosma,et al.  Setting Up a Business in the Netherlands: Who Starts, Who Gives Up, Who is Still Trying , 2001 .

[87]  M. Gelderen Enterprising behaviour of ordinary people , 2000 .

[88]  Per Davidsson,et al.  Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs , 2000 .

[89]  Janet M. Corrigan,et al.  Background and Methodology , 2000 .

[90]  S. Human,et al.  The Little Engine that Could: Uncertainty and Growth Expectations of Nascent Entrepreneurs , 2000 .

[91]  Frédéric Delmar,et al.  How Do Self-Employed Parents of Nascent Entrepreneurs Contribute? , 2000 .

[92]  Per Davidsson,et al.  Firm size expectations of nascent entrepreneurs , 2006 .

[93]  Gry Agnete Alsos,et al.  Does the Business Start-Up Process Differ by Gender? A Longitudinal Study of Nascent Entrepreneurs , 1998 .

[94]  L. Kolvereid,et al.  The Business Gestation Process of Novice, Serial, and Parallel Business Founders , 1998 .

[95]  Deborah H. Streeter,et al.  The Entrepreneurial Process: Economic Growth, Men, Women, and Minorities , 1997 .

[96]  Paul D. Reynolds,et al.  Who Starts New Firms? – Preliminary Explorations of Firms-in-Gestation , 1997 .

[97]  W. Gartner,et al.  Exploring Start-Up Event Sequences , 1996 .

[98]  Paul Schreyer SMEs and Employment Creation: Overview of Selected Quantitative Studies in OECD Member Countries , 1996 .

[99]  Paul D. Reynolds,et al.  New firm gestation: Conception, birth, and implications for research , 1992 .

[100]  Charles W. Hofer,et al.  Researching Entrepreneurship , 1992 .

[101]  Max S. Baucus,et al.  The Council on Competitiveness , 1992 .

[102]  Catherine Armington,et al.  Small Business: How Many Jobs? , 1982 .

[103]  William J. Baumol,et al.  Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory , 1968 .

[104]  P. Jansen,et al.  Autonomy as a Startup Motive , 2022 .