Higher-order theories for the free vibrations of doubly-curved laminated panels with curvilinear reinforcing fibers by means of a local version of the GDQ method

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamic behavior of singly and doubly-curved panels reinforced by curvilinear fibers. The Variable Angle Tow (VAT) technology allows the placement of fibers along curvilinear paths with the purpose of improving dynamic performance of plates and shells. The effect of the variation of constants which define analytically the fiber orientation is also investigated by several parametric studies. The Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) with different thickness functions along the three orthogonal curvilinear directions is the basis of the present theoretical model. Various doubly-curved laminated panels reinforced by curvilinear fibers are analyzed using several structural theories. The Local Generalized Differential Quadrature (LGDQ) method is employed to solve numerically free vibration problems. Compared to the well-known GDQ method from which it descends, the LGDQ is characterized by banded matrices instead of full ones, since the current technique considers only few points of the whole domain. Therefore, the solution of the equation system needs a lower computational effort.

[1]  I. I. Vorovich,et al.  Nonlinear Theory of Shallow Shells , 1999 .

[2]  Francesco Tornabene,et al.  Meccanica delle Strutture a Guscio in Materiale Composito. Il metodo Generalizzato di Quadratura Differenziale , 2012 .

[3]  Alessandro De Rosis,et al.  Ground-induced lift enhancement in a tandem of symmetric flapping wings , 2015 .

[4]  A. Kalamkarov,et al.  Analysis of Smart Piezo-Magneto-Thermo-Elastic Composite and Reinforced Plates: Part II – Applications , 2014 .

[5]  Š. Markuš,et al.  The mechanics of vibrations of cylindrical shells , 1988 .

[6]  Romesh C. Batra,et al.  Local slamming impact of sandwich composite hulls , 2009 .

[7]  Masaki Kameyama,et al.  Optimum design of composite plate wings for aeroelastic characteristics using lamination parameters , 2007 .

[8]  E. Viola,et al.  Vibration analysis of multi-stepped and multi-damaged parabolic arches using GDQ , 2014 .

[9]  E. Carrera Historical review of Zig-Zag theories for multilayered plates and shells , 2003 .

[10]  P. Wriggers,et al.  NURBS- and T-spline-based isogeometric cohesive zone modeling of interface debonding , 2014 .

[11]  Z. Gürdal,et al.  Variable stiffness composite panels : Effects of stiffness variation on the in-plane and buckling response , 2008 .

[12]  N. D. Duc,et al.  Nonlinear dynamic analysis and vibration of shear deformable eccentrically stiffened S-FGM cylindrical panels with metal–ceramic–metal layers resting on elastic foundations , 2015 .

[13]  R. Bellman,et al.  DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE AND LONG-TERM INTEGRATION , 1971 .

[14]  M. Shariyat,et al.  Three-dimensional magneto-elastic analysis of asymmetric variable thickness porous FGM circular plates with non-uniform tractions and Kerr elastic foundations , 2015 .

[15]  Erasmo Carrera,et al.  Analysis of thick isotropic and cross-ply laminated plates by generalized differential quadrature method and a Unified Formulation , 2014 .

[16]  Pedro Ribeiro,et al.  Non-linear modes of vibration of thin cylindrical shells in composite laminates with curvilinear fibres , 2015 .

[17]  C. Shu,et al.  APPLICATION OF GENERALIZED DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE TO SOLVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS , 1992 .

[18]  C. Bert,et al.  Two new approximate methods for analyzing free vibration of structural components , 1988 .

[19]  A. Sofiyev On the dynamic buckling of truncated conical shells with functionally graded coatings subject to a time dependent axial load in the large deformation , 2014 .

[20]  C. Bert,et al.  The behavior of structures composed of composite materials , 1986 .

[21]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Four-parameter functionally graded cracked plates of arbitrary shape: A GDQFEM solution for free vibrations , 2016 .

[22]  Francesco Ubertini,et al.  Strong Formulation Finite Element Method Based on Differential Quadrature: A Survey , 2015 .

[23]  Salvatore Brischetto,et al.  Exact 3D solutions and finite element 2D models for free vibration analysis of plates and cylinders , 2014 .

[24]  E. Carrera,et al.  Static analyses of FGM beams by various theories and finite elements , 2015 .

[25]  Phillip L. Gould,et al.  Analysis of Shells and Plates , 1987 .

[26]  A. Razek,et al.  A two dimensions modeling of non-collocated piezoelectric patches bonded on thin structure , 2014 .

[27]  A. Leissa,et al.  Vibrations of continuous systems , 2011 .

[28]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  A new approach for treating concentrated loads in doubly-curved composite deep shells with variable radii of curvature , 2015 .

[29]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Free vibrations of free-form doubly-curved shells made of functionally graded materials using higher-order equivalent single layer theories , 2014 .

[30]  L. Dozio,et al.  A spectral collocation solution for in-plane eigenvalue analysis of skew plates , 2015 .

[31]  K. Y. Lam,et al.  A numerical study of wave propagation in a poroelastic medium by use of localized differential quadrature method , 2004 .

[32]  Ö. Civalek Geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of doubly curved isotropic shells resting on elastic foundation by a combination of harmonic differential quadrature-finite difference methods , 2005 .

[33]  J. N. Reddy,et al.  Winkler–Pasternak foundation effect on the static and dynamic analyses of laminated doubly-curved and degenerate shells and panels , 2014, Composites Part B: Engineering.

[34]  Arthur W. Leissa,et al.  Vibration and buckling of rectangular composite plates with variable fiber spacing , 1990 .

[35]  J. N. Reddy,et al.  Theory and analysis of elastic plates , 1999 .

[36]  Erasmo Carrera,et al.  Static analysis of doubly-curved anisotropic shells and panels using CUF approach, differential geometry and differential quadrature method , 2014 .

[37]  D. L. Young,et al.  Local Differential Quadrature Method for 2-D Flow and Forced-Convection Problems in Irregular Domains , 2009 .

[38]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Generalized Differential Quadrature Finite Element Method for vibration analysis of arbitrarily shaped membranes , 2014 .

[39]  A. Houmat,et al.  Nonlinear free vibration analysis of variable stiffness symmetric skew laminates , 2015 .

[40]  Phillip L. Gould Thin Plates and Shells , 2013 .

[41]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Radial basis function method applied to doubly-curved laminated composite shells and panels with a General Higher-order Equivalent Single Layer formulation , 2013 .

[42]  C. Bert,et al.  Differential Quadrature Method in Computational Mechanics: A Review , 1996 .

[43]  Chang Shu,et al.  Parallel simulation of incompressible viscous flows by generalized differential quadrature , 1992 .

[44]  P. Ribeiro,et al.  A layerwise p-version finite element formulation for free vibration analysis of thick composite laminates with curvilinear fibres , 2015 .

[45]  Zhi Zong,et al.  Advanced Differential Quadrature Methods , 2009 .

[46]  Antonio F. B. A. Prado,et al.  Minimum Fuel Low-Thrust Transfers for Satellites Using a Permanent Magnet Hall Thruster , 2013 .

[47]  J. G. Simmonds,et al.  The Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Shells , 1998 .

[48]  E. Viola,et al.  General higher-order shear deformation theories for the free vibration analysis of completely doubly-curved laminated shells and panels , 2013 .

[49]  J. N. Reddy,et al.  Energy principles and variational methods in applied mechanics , 2002 .

[50]  D. Chapelle,et al.  The Finite Element Analysis of Shells - Fundamentals , 2003 .

[51]  L. Dozio Refined 2-D theories for free vibration analysis of annular plates , 2015 .

[52]  Huu-Tai Thai,et al.  Vibration and buckling analysis of functionally graded sandwich beams by a new higher-order shear deformation theory , 2015 .

[53]  Zafer Gürdal,et al.  Circumferential stiffness tailoring of general cross section cylinders for maximum buckling load with strength constraints , 2012 .

[54]  Chuei-Tin Chang,et al.  New insights in solving distributed system equations by the quadrature method—I. Analysis , 1989 .

[55]  Salvatore Brischetto,et al.  Three-dimensional exact free vibration analysis of spherical, cylindrical, and flat one-layered panels , 2014 .

[56]  Alfredo Liverani,et al.  General anisotropic doubly-curved shell theory: A differential quadrature solution for free vibrations of shells and panels of revolution with a free-form meridian , 2012 .

[57]  Mohamad S. Qatu,et al.  Recent research advances in the dynamic behavior of shells: 1989–2000, Part 2: Homogeneous shells , 2002 .

[58]  H. Akhavan,et al.  Natural modes of vibration of variable stiffness composite laminates with curvilinear fibers , 2011 .

[59]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  The local GDQ method applied to general higher-order theories of doubly-curved laminated composite shells and panels: The free vibration analysis , 2014 .

[60]  N. Rogacheva The Theory of Piezoelectric Shells and Plates , 1994 .

[61]  S. A. Eftekhari A note on mathematical treatment of the Dirac-delta function in the differential quadrature bending and forced vibration analysis of beams and rectangular plates subjected to concentrated loads , 2015 .

[62]  Zhi Zong,et al.  A localized differential quadrature (LDQ) method and its application to the 2D wave equation , 2002 .

[63]  Zafer Gürdal,et al.  Optimization of course locations in fiber-placed panels for general fiber angle distributions , 2010 .

[64]  S. A. Eftekhari,et al.  Accurate variational approach for free vibration of simply supported anisotropic rectangular plates , 2014 .

[65]  A. Love A treatise on the mathematical theory of elasticity , 1892 .

[66]  Alfredo Liverani,et al.  Laminated composite rectangular and annular plates: A GDQ solution for static analysis with a posteriori shear and normal stress recovery , 2012 .

[67]  L. Dozio Exact vibration solutions for cross-ply laminated plates with two opposite edges simply supported using refined theories of variable order , 2014 .

[68]  Paul M. Weaver,et al.  Buckling analysis and optimisation of variable angle tow composite plates , 2012 .

[69]  Paul A. Lagace,et al.  Buckling and postbuckling of laminated composite plates with ply dropoffs , 1989 .

[70]  Nguyen Dinh Duc,et al.  Nonlinear dynamic analysis and vibration of shear deformable piezoelectric FGM double curved shallow shells under damping-thermo-electro-mechanical loads , 2015 .

[71]  Erasmo Viola,et al.  Inter-laminar stress recovery procedure for doubly-curved, singly-curved, revolution shells with variable radii of curvature and plates using generalized higher-order theories and the local GDQ method , 2016 .

[72]  Yoshihiro Narita,et al.  Vibration Analysis of Composite Rectangular Plates Reinforced along Curved Lines , 2008 .

[73]  Chang Shu,et al.  FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LAMINATED CONICAL SHELLS BY GENERALIZED DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE , 1996 .

[74]  N. Kuruoglu,et al.  Large-amplitude vibration of the geometrically imperfect FGM truncated conical shell , 2015 .

[75]  H. Kurtaran Geometrically nonlinear transient analysis of thick deep composite curved beams with generalized differential quadrature method , 2015 .

[76]  Stefano Ubertini,et al.  Aeroelastic study of flexible flapping wings by a coupled lattice Boltzmann-finite element approach with immersed boundary method , 2014 .

[77]  Zafer Gürdal,et al.  Tailoring for strength of composite steered-fibre panels with cutouts , 2010 .

[78]  Mohamad S. Qatu,et al.  Vibration of Laminated Shells and Plates , 2004 .

[79]  A. Houmat,et al.  Nonlinear free vibration of laminated composite rectangular plates with curvilinear fibers , 2013 .

[80]  Layne T. Watson,et al.  Design of variable-stiffness composite layers using cellular automata , 2006 .

[81]  Alfredo Liverani,et al.  Static analysis of laminated composite curved shells and panels of revolution with a posteriori shear and normal stress recovery using generalized differential quadrature method , 2012 .

[82]  Ashraf M. Zenkour,et al.  Analysis of Sandwich Plates by Generalized Differential Quadrature Method , 2013 .

[83]  Pedro Ribeiro,et al.  Linear modes of vibration of cylindrical shells in composite laminates reinforced by curvilinear fibres , 2016 .

[84]  N. Kuruoglu,et al.  Dynamic instability of three-layered cylindrical shells containing an FGM interlayer , 2015 .

[85]  Zafer Gürdal,et al.  Fiber path definitions for elastically tailored conical shells , 2009 .

[86]  Abdullah H. Sofiyev,et al.  On the solution of the buckling problem of functionally graded truncated conical shells with mixed boundary conditions , 2015 .

[87]  Francesco Tornabene,et al.  General higher-order layer-wise theory for free vibrations of doubly-curved laminated composite shells and panels , 2016 .

[88]  E. Viola,et al.  General higher-order equivalent single layer theory for free vibrations of doubly-curved laminated composite shells and panels , 2013 .

[89]  Damiano Pasini,et al.  Optimization of variable stiffness composites with embedded defects induced by Automated Fiber Placement , 2014 .

[90]  Yoshihiro Narita,et al.  Natural frequencies and vibration modes of laminated composite plates reinforced with arbitrary curvilinear fiber shape paths , 2012 .

[91]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  A strong formulation finite element method (SFEM) based on RBF and GDQ techniques for the static and dynamic analyses of laminated plates of arbitrary shape , 2014 .

[92]  Ö. Civalek Application of differential quadrature (DQ) and harmonic differential quadrature (HDQ) for buckling analysis of thin isotropic plates and elastic columns , 2004 .

[93]  M. W. Hyer,et al.  Innovative design of composite structures: Design, manufacturing, and testing of plates utilizing curvilinear fiber trajectories , 1994 .

[94]  M. W. Hyer,et al.  Use of curvilinear fiber format in composite structure design , 1991 .

[95]  Jian-an Sun,et al.  Upwind local differential quadrature method for solving incompressible viscous flow , 2000 .

[96]  R. Dimitri Isogeometric treatment of large deformation contact and debonding problems with T-splines: a review , 2015 .

[97]  S. A. Eftekhari,et al.  A mixed modal-differential quadrature method for free and forced vibration of beams in contact with fluid , 2014 .

[98]  Salvatore Brischetto,et al.  Exact elasticity solution for natural frequencies of functionally graded simply-supported structures , 2013 .

[99]  Mohamad S. Qatu,et al.  Recent research advances in the dynamic behavior of shells: 1989-2000, Part 1: Laminated composite shells , 2002 .

[100]  A. Ceruti,et al.  Free-Form Laminated Doubly-Curved Shells and Panels of Revolution Resting on Winkler-Pasternak Elastic Foundations: A 2-D GDQ Solution for Static and Free Vibration Analysis , 2013 .

[101]  Y. M. Ghugal,et al.  On the free vibration analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates: A review of recent literature with some numerical results , 2015 .

[102]  J. N. Reddy,et al.  FGM and Laminated Doubly-Curved and Degenerate Shells Resting on Nonlinear Elastic Foundations: A GDQ Solution for Static Analysis with a Posteriori Stress and Strain Recovery , 2013 .

[103]  D. L. Young,et al.  The localized differential quadrature method for two-dimensional stream function formulation of Navier–Stokes equations , 2011 .

[104]  Jaehong Lee,et al.  Analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates using a new first-order shear deformation theory , 2014 .

[105]  Sam Heathcote,et al.  Effect of Spanwise Flexibility on Flapping Wing Propulsion , 2006 .

[106]  Francesco Tornabene,et al.  2-D GDQ solution for free vibrations of anisotropic doubly-curved shells and panels of revolution , 2011 .

[107]  Andrea Luigi Facci,et al.  Assessment of PIV-based analysis of water entry problems through synthetic numerical datasets , 2015 .

[108]  C. Bert,et al.  Convergence of the DQ Method in the Analysis of Anisotropic Plates , 1994 .

[109]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Accurate inter-laminar recovery for plates and doubly-curved shells with variable radii of curvature using layer-wise theories , 2015 .

[110]  Tae-Uk Kim,et al.  Optimal design of composite wing subjected to gust loads , 2005 .

[111]  Dawn C. Jegley,et al.  Design and Manufacture of Elastically Tailored Tow Placed Plates , 2002 .

[112]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  The strong formulation finite element method: stability and accuracy , 2014 .

[113]  E. Viola,et al.  Stress and Strain Recovery of Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shells and Panels Using Higher-Order Formulations , 2014 .

[114]  Lockheed Martin,et al.  Design and Manufacturing of Tow-Steered Composite Shells Using Fiber Placement , 2009 .

[115]  H. Nguyen-Xuan,et al.  Analysis of cross-ply laminated plates using isogeometric analysis and unified formulation , 2014 .

[116]  P. Weaver,et al.  Buckling analysis of variable angle tow, variable thickness panels with transverse shear effects , 2014 .

[117]  Bo Liu,et al.  Exact solutions for free vibration of circular cylindrical shells with classical boundary conditions , 2013 .

[118]  Chang Shu,et al.  Free vibration analysis of laminated composite cylindrical shells by DQM , 1997 .

[119]  Philippe G. Ciarlet,et al.  Theory of Shells , 2000 .

[120]  A. Sofiyev Influences of shear stresses on the dynamic instability of exponentially graded sandwich cylindrical shells , 2015 .

[121]  Paul M. Weaver,et al.  Postbuckling analysis of variable angle tow plates using differential quadrature method , 2013 .

[122]  L. Dozio,et al.  Prediction of natural frequencies of laminated curved panels using refined 2-D theories in the spectral collocation method , 2014 .

[123]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Generalized differential quadrature finite element method for cracked composite structures of arbitrary shape , 2013 .

[124]  Z. Gürdal,et al.  In-plane response of laminates with spatially varying fiber orientations - Variable stiffness concept , 1993 .

[125]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Stress and strain recovery for functionally graded free-form and doubly-curved sandwich shells using higher-order equivalent single layer theory , 2015 .

[126]  Nasser Talebbeydokhti,et al.  Numerical modelling of the mild slope equation using localised differential quadrature method , 2012 .

[127]  Panagiotis D. Kaklis,et al.  Ship-hull shape optimization with a T-spline based BEM-isogeometric solver , 2015 .

[128]  Maurizio Porfiri,et al.  Experiments on the water entry of curved wedges: High speed imaging and particle image velocimetry , 2015 .

[129]  Phillip L. Gould,et al.  A differential quadrature method solution for shear-deformable shells of revolution , 2005 .

[130]  Erasmo Carrera,et al.  Multilayered Shell Theories Accounting for Layerwise Mixed Description, Part 1: Governing Equations , 1999 .

[131]  A. Ceruti,et al.  Mixed Static and Dynamic Optimization of Four-Parameter Functionally Graded Completely Doubly Curved and Degenerate Shells and Panels Using GDQ Method , 2013 .

[132]  Christos Kassapoglou,et al.  Generating realistic laminate fiber angle distributions for optimal variable stiffness laminates , 2012 .

[133]  E. Viola,et al.  Radial basis functions based on differential quadrature method for the free vibration analysis of laminated composite arbitrarily shaped plates , 2015 .

[134]  Z. Gürdal,et al.  Design of variable-stiffness conical shells for maximum fundamental eigenfrequency , 2008 .

[135]  Phillip L. Gould,et al.  Finite Element Analysis of Shells of Revolution , 1985 .

[136]  Erasmo Carrera,et al.  Multilayered Shell Theories Accounting for Layerwise Mixed Description, Part 2: Numerical Evaluations , 1999 .

[137]  Alfredo Liverani,et al.  FGM and laminated doubly curved shells and panels of revolution with a free-form meridian: A 2-D GDQ solution for free vibrations , 2011 .

[138]  Chia-Ying Lee,et al.  Differential quadrature solution for the free vibration analysis of laminated conical shells with variable stiffness , 2001 .

[139]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  New insights into the strong formulation finite element method for solving elastostatic and elastodynamic problems , 2014 .

[140]  A. Alexeev,et al.  Resonance of flexible flapping wings at low Reynolds number. , 2010, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[141]  Damiano Pasini,et al.  The role of shear deformation in laminated plates with curvilinear fiber paths and embedded defects , 2014 .

[142]  Elena Ferretti,et al.  Soft Core Plane State Structures Under Static Loads UsingGDQFEM and Cell Method , 2013 .

[143]  D. Gottlieb,et al.  Numerical analysis of spectral methods , 1977 .

[144]  M. Shariyat,et al.  A novel shear correction factor for stress and modal analyses of annular FGM plates with non-uniform inclined tractions and non-uniform elastic foundations , 2014 .

[145]  E. Viola,et al.  Static analysis of completely doubly-curved laminated shells and panels using general higher-order shear deformation theories , 2013 .

[146]  Yaojun Ge,et al.  Generation of inflow turbulence using the local differential quadrature method , 2013 .

[147]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Static analysis of functionally graded conical shells and panels using the generalized unconstrained third order theory coupled with the stress recovery , 2014 .

[148]  Zafer Gürdal,et al.  Progressive failure analysis of tow-placed, variable-stiffness composite panels , 2007 .

[149]  P. Wriggers,et al.  Isogeometric large deformation frictionless contact using T-splines , 2014 .

[150]  N. Kuruoglu,et al.  On a problem of the vibration of functionally graded conical shells with mixed boundary conditions , 2015 .

[151]  Chuei-Tin Chang,et al.  New insights in solving distributed system equations by the quadrature method—II. Numerical experiments , 1989 .

[152]  R. Batra,et al.  Delamination in sandwich panels due to local water slamming loads , 2014 .

[153]  A. Kalamkarov,et al.  Analysis of Smart Piezo-Magneto-Thermo-Elastic Composite and Reinforced Plates: Part I – Model Development , 2014 .

[154]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Mechanics of Laminated Composite Doubly-Curved Shell Structures. The Generalized Differential Quadrature Method and the Strong Formulation Finite Element Method , 2014 .

[155]  H. Kurtaran Geometrically nonlinear transient analysis of moderately thick laminated composite shallow shells with generalized differential quadrature method , 2015 .

[156]  Salvatore Brischetto,et al.  A continuum elastic three-dimensional model for natural frequencies of single-walled carbon nanotubes , 2014 .

[157]  Paul M. Weaver,et al.  Buckling Analysis of Variable Angle Tow Composite Plates Using Differential Quadrature Method , 2013 .

[158]  K. M. Liew,et al.  Vibration of Shallow Shells: A Review With Bibliography , 1997 .

[159]  C. Bert,et al.  Differential quadrature for static and free vibration analyses of anisotropic plates , 1993 .

[160]  Francesco Tornabene,et al.  Free vibrations of anisotropic doubly-curved shells and panels of revolution with a free-form meridian resting on Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundations , 2011 .

[161]  Erasmo Viola,et al.  Static analysis of functionally graded doubly-curved shells and panels of revolution , 2013 .

[162]  Y. M. Ghugal,et al.  Buckling and free vibration analysis of orthotropic plates by using exponential shear deformation theory , 2014 .

[163]  Paul M. Weaver,et al.  Postbuckling optimisation of variable angle tow composite plates , 2013 .

[164]  Elena Ferretti,et al.  GDQFEM Numerical Simulations of Continuous Mediawith Cracks and Discontinuities , 2013 .

[165]  Xinyan Deng,et al.  Three-dimensional vortex wake structure of flapping wings in hovering flight , 2013, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[166]  Alessandro De Rosis,et al.  On the dynamics of a tandem of asynchronous flapping wings: Lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary simulations , 2014 .

[167]  Nicholas Fantuzzi,et al.  Numerical investigation of functionally graded cylindrical shells and panels using the generalized unconstrained third order theory coupled with the stress recovery , 2012 .

[168]  Mohamed Nassar,et al.  Vibration analysis of structural elements using differential quadrature method , 2012, Journal of advanced research.

[169]  Zekeriya Girgin,et al.  Buckling Analyses of Axially Functionally Graded Nonuniform Columns with Elastic Restraint Using a Localized Differential Quadrature Method , 2013 .

[170]  W. Soedel Vibrations of shells and plates , 1981 .