A Low-Complexity Turbo Decoder Architecture for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

Turbo codes have recently been considered for energy-constrained wireless communication applications, since they facilitate a low transmission energy consumption. However, in order to reduce the overall energy consumption, lookup table-log-BCJR (LUT-Log-BCJR) architectures having a low processing energy consumption are required. In this paper, we decompose the LUT-Log-BCJR architecture into its most fundamental add compare select (ACS) operations and perform them using a novel low-complexity ACS unit. We demonstrate that our architecture employs an order of magnitude fewer gates than the most recent LUT-Log-BCJR architectures, facilitating a 71% energy consumption reduction. Compared to state-of-the-art maximum logarithmic Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv implementations, our approach facilitates a 10% reduction in the overall energy consumption at ranges above 58 m.

[1]  M. Vetterli,et al.  Wireless Sensor Networks for Environmental Monitoring: The SensorScope Experience , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Zurich Seminar on Communications.

[2]  Ran Ginosar,et al.  High Rate Data Synchronization in GALS SoCs , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[3]  Norbert Wehn,et al.  A 150Mbit/s 3GPP LTE Turbo code decoder , 2010, 2010 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2010).

[4]  Ran-Hong Yan,et al.  A unified turbo/viterbi channel decoder for 3GPP mobile wireless in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS , 2002, 2002 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.02CH37315).

[5]  Lajos Hanzo,et al.  Turbo Decoding and Detection for Wireless Applications , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[6]  M. Bickerstaff,et al.  A 24Mb/s radix-4 logMAP turbo decoder for 3GPP-HSDPA mobile wireless , 2003, 2003 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2003. Digest of Technical Papers. ISSCC..

[7]  Christian Schlegel,et al.  Error Control Coding in Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks: When Is ECC Energy-Efficient? , 2006, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw..

[8]  B. L. Yeap,et al.  Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding , 2002 .

[9]  Patrick Robertson,et al.  Optimal and sub-optimal maximum a posteriori algorithms suitable for turbo decoding , 1997, Eur. Trans. Telecommun..

[10]  Francky Catthoor,et al.  Memory optimization of MAP turbo decoder algorithms , 2001, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst..

[11]  Jian Sun,et al.  The UMTS Turbo Code and an Efficient Decoder Implementation Suitable for Software-Defined Radios , 2001, Int. J. Wirel. Inf. Networks.

[12]  Gianluca Piccinini,et al.  Architectural strategies for low-power VLSI turbo decoders , 2002, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst..

[13]  Paul Fortier,et al.  Highly-Parallel Decoding Architectures for Convolutional Turbo Codes , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[14]  Joseph R. Cavallaro,et al.  Efficient hardware implementation of a highly-parallel 3GPP LTE/LTE-advance turbo decoder , 2011, Integr..

[15]  Peter I. Corke,et al.  Environmental Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[16]  Chien-Ming Wu,et al.  VLSI architectural design tradeoffs for sliding-window log-MAP decoders , 2005, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst..

[17]  Qiuting Huang,et al.  Design and Implementation of a Parallel Turbo-Decoder ASIC for 3GPP-LTE , 2011, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[18]  Wee-Peng Ang,et al.  A new iterative channel estimator for the log-MAP & max-log-MAP turbo decoder in Rayleigh fading channel , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[19]  Robert G. Maunder,et al.  An Energy-Efficient Error Correction Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[20]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2002, Comput. Networks.

[21]  Wern-Ho Sheen,et al.  Architecture Design of QPP Interleaver for Parallel Turbo Decoding , 2010, 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference.

[22]  Andrew J. Viterbi,et al.  An Intuitive Justification and a Simplified Implementation of the MAP Decoder for Convolutional Codes , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[23]  A. Burg,et al.  Design and Optimization of an HSDPA Turbo Decoder ASIC , 2009, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[24]  Vincent C. Gaudet,et al.  Analysis of error control code use in ultra-low-power wireless sensor networks , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[25]  P. Robertson,et al.  A Comparison of optimal sub-optimal MAP decoding algorithms operating in the long domain , 1995 .

[26]  Cheng-Chi Wong,et al.  A 188-size 2.1mm2 reconfigurable turbo decoder chip with parallel architecture for 3GPP LTE system , 2009, 2009 Symposium on VLSI Circuits.

[27]  Robert G. Maunder,et al.  Design of Fixed-Point Processing Based Turbo Codes Using Extrinsic Information Transfer Charts , 2010, 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall.

[28]  Patrick Robertson,et al.  A comparison of optimal and sub-optimal MAP decoding algorithms operating in the log domain , 1995, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC '95.

[29]  Zhongfeng Wang.  High-Speed Recursion Architectures for MAP-Based Turbo Decoders , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[30]  Catherine Douillard,et al.  Iterative Decoding of Concatenated Convolutional Codes: Implementation Issues , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[31]  T. H. Liew,et al.  Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding: EXIT-Chart-Aided Near-Capacity Designs for Wireless Channels , 2011 .

[32]  An-Yeu Wu,et al.  Unified Convolutional/Turbo Decoder Design Using Tile-Based Timing Analysis of VA/MAP Kernel , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[33]  K.K. Parhi,et al.  High-Throughput Radix-4 logMAP Turbo Decoder Architecture , 2006, 2006 Fortieth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers.

[34]  A. Glavieux,et al.  Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes. 1 , 1993, Proceedings of ICC '93 - IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[35]  Gregory J. Pottie,et al.  Wireless integrated network sensors , 2000, Commun. ACM.