Computational modelling of rubber-like materials under monotonic and cyclic loading

The simulation of rubber-like material behaviour by means of the finite element method has been described in this study. Proper material models for the numerical description of static hyper-elasticity, the ideal Mullins effect and the Mullins effect with permanent deformation were proposed, respectively. The second focus of this study was the verification of numerical constitutive models by means of experimental evidence. It was concluded that Gao's model with only two parameters describes the mechanical behaviour of rubber-like material adequately. The model parameters estimated from simple tension are valid for other loading conditions (compression and shear) if the specimens are made of the same material. This property is crucial for the general use of Gao's elastic model. The present work demonstrated that both the continuum damage mechanics model and the pseudo-elastic model combined with Gao's elastic model are capable of simulating the Mullins effect in their own characteristic way. The pseudo-elastic model significantly simplifies the identification of model parameters. Finally, combination of the pseudo-elastic concept and Gao's model was used to construct a specific model for the description of Mullins effect with permanent deformation. The evolution of stress softening, the permanent deformation and all turning points in the numerical simulations were reproduced well compared to experimental data.

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