Association of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist treatment with gastric residue in an esophagogastroduodenoscopy

AIMS/INTRODUCTION Previous studies have reported that the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) delays gastric emptying, and gastric emptying was assessed by the 13 C breath test or paracetamol absorption technique. However, neither of them is clinically familiar in real-world clinical practice. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between GLP-1RA treatment and gastric residue in an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a matched pair case-control study. The study population consisted of 1,128 individuals with diabetes who had esophagogastroduodenoscopy at our clinic between July 2020 and June 2022. To account for differences in characteristics, such as age, sex, insulin treatment and glycated hemoglobin, we carried out a one-to-one nearest neighbor propensity score matching analysis between diabetes patients with and without GLP-1RA treatment. After matching, we compared the presence of gastric residue in an esophagogastroduodenoscopy by the McNemar test between patients with and without GLP-1RA treatment. RESULTS After the propensity score matching, we selected 205 pairs. In the propensity score-matched comparison, the proportion of gastric residue was statistically significantly higher in the GLP-1RA treatment group (0.49% vs 5.4%, P = 0.004). The details of GLP-1RA prescribed for the 11 patients with gastric residue were liraglutide once daily 1.8 mg (n = 2), dulaglutide once weekly 0.75 mg (n = 5), semaglutide once weekly 0.5 mg (n = 2) and semaglutide once weekly 1.0 mg (n = 2). CONCLUSION GLP-1RA treatment is associated with gastric residue in an esophagogastroduodenoscopy in patients with diabetes.