Source localization using virtual antenna arrays

Using antenna arrays for direction of arrival (DoA) estimation and source localization is a well-researched topic. In this paper, we analyze virtual antenna arrays for DoA estimation where the antenna array geometry is acquired using data from a low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU). Performance evaluation of an unaided inertial navigation system with respect to individual IMU sensor noise parameters is provided using a state space based extended Kalman filter. Secondly, using Monte Carlo simulations, DoA estimation performance of random 3-D antenna arrays is evaluated by computing Cramér-Rao lower bound values for a single plane wave source located in the far field of the array. Results in the paper suggest that larger antenna arrays can provide significant gain in DoA estimation accuracy, but, noise in the rate gyroscope measurements proves to be a limiting factor when making virtual antenna arrays for DoA estimation and source localization using single antenna devices.

[1]  Xiaoji Niu,et al.  Analysis and Modeling of Inertial Sensors Using Allan Variance , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[2]  W. H. Baird.  An introduction to inertial navigation , 2009 .

[3]  Peter M. Schultheiss,et al.  Optimum range and bearing estimation with randomly perturbed arrays , 1980 .

[4]  Pei-Jung Chung,et al.  Array self-calibration using SAGE algorithm , 2008, 2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop.

[5]  John Weston,et al.  Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology , 1997 .

[6]  R. Singer.  Estimating Optimal Tracking Filter Performance for Manned Maneuvering Targets , 1970, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[7]  Kristine L. Bell,et al.  Array self calibration with large sensor position errors , 1999, Conference Record of the Thirty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers (Cat. No.CH37020).

[8]  Peter M. Schultheiss,et al.  Array shape calibration using sources in unknown locations-Part I: Far-field sources , 1987, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[9]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Optimal virtual array length under position imperfections , 2014, 2014 IEEE 8th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM).

[10]  D. W. Allan,et al.  Statistics of atomic frequency standards , 1966 .

[11]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  On the performance of random antenna arrays for direction of arrival estimation , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC).

[12]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Direction of arrival estimation with arbitrary virtual antenna arrays using low cost inertial measurement units , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC).

[13]  John Weston,et al.  Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology, Second Edition , 2005 .

[14]  D. Titterton,et al.  Strapdown inertial navigation technology - 2nd edition - [Book review] , 2005, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[15]  LI X.RONG,et al.  Survey of maneuvering target tracking. Part I. Dynamic models , 2003 .