Low income among immigrants and visible minorities

The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) has been a source of longitudinal data since 1993. Respondents are surveyed twice a year—once on labour and once on income—for six consecutive years. Each six-year period is called a panel, and new panels are begun every three years. Presently, longitudinal data are available from two complete panels, 1993 to 1998 and 1996 to 2001, which have been combined into a single file. Because each panel represents the Canadian population at the time of sample selection, a panel identif ier was added to the fi le to test for possible cohort effects. To ensure accurate variance estimation, bootstrap weights from the final year of each panel were added to the file.